A quantitative analysis of the literature on cyberbullying intervention projects in the Web of Science Core Collection database, using CiteSpace visualization software, was conducted. We identified key research focuses in foreign cyberbullying intervention projects, including cyberbullying prevalence, protective factors, family education, and the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs. By closely examining frequently cited literature, the specific content of prominent cyberbullying intervention projects was analyzed in depth, thus revealing current research gaps and future directions in the intervention domain. Educational insights and recommendations for cyberbullying intervention in schools are proposed.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze sleep quality among medical students from China and other countries from 1994 to the present, to provide a reference for promoting research on sleep quality among Chinese medical students. Methods Relevant literature was retrieved from the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science core collection databases between January 1994 and April 2024. Scimago Graphica software was used to construct a collaborative network graph of the articles’ countries and authors. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to visualize research hotspots and evolutionary trends in the keywords of the included literature. Results A total of 412 Chinese articles and 759 English articles were included. The visualization results indicated that the number of published literatures has rapidly increased since 2018. China’s ranked third worldwide in the total number of articles (94 articles). “Medical students” “sleep quality” and “sleep disorders” were common high-frequency keywords in domestic and international research, whereas the foreign terms “sleep pattern” and “smartphone addiction” are the strongest citation bursts that have appeared internationally in the past three years. Conclusions In recent years, research on sleep quality among medical students has become a major topic of global concern. Further research on sleep medicine education in psychological and academic performance should be conducted, to improve sleep quality among medical students in China. Research trends should follow changes in sleep patterns and smartphone addiction among medical students.

Objective This study investigated the current social support status among non-only-child and only-child students at colleges and universities, and compared factors influencing social support, to provide a basis for improving social support among college students. Methods The study was conducted from February to April of 2021 at six colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. The cluster sampling method was used to select the participants. Tools such as the Egocentric Social Network Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory were used to investigate the level of social support and its influencing factors among participants. Multivariate analysis methods were used to explore the factors influencing social support levels, and to compare the current status and influencing factors of social support between non-only-child students and only-child students. Results Among 2 806 participants, 1 554 (55.4%) were non-only-children. The total score for social support level and the dimension of subjective support were higher among non-only-child students than only-child students. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that social anxiety (OR: 1.807, 95%CI: 1.054-1.122 for non-only children; OR: 1.049, 95% CI: 1.016-1.083 for only children), depression (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.050-1.099 for non-only children; OR: 1.095, 95%CI: 1.067-1.125 for only children), and individual local centrality (OR: 0.772, 95%CI: 0.718-0.830 for non-only-children; OR: 0.783, 95%CI: 0.724-0.847 for only children) were the common factors affecting social support among students in both groups. A single-parent family structure (OR: 0.534, 95%CI: 0.299-0.953) and better family economic status (OR: 0.385, 95%CI:0.243-0.609) were unique influencing factors for non-only-child students. Conclusions We observed differences in levels of social support between non-only-child and only-child students at colleges. The influencing factors included both common aspects and unique characteristics. In the context of adjustments to national fertility policies and changes in social and family structures, schools should focus on the commonalities among students while providing targeted support and assistance to help students enhance their social support levels and achieve healthy growth.

Objective This study investigated the current status of fertility knowledge and fertility intention among 828 college students at six universities in Zhaoqing City, and explored the correlations and influencing factors between the two. Methods From March to May 2023, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 828 college students at six universities in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, with the Chinese version of the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-C), the self-made fertility intention questionnaire, and the Family Planning Change questionnaire, to understand their fertility knowledge and fertility intention, and to assess factors influencing fertility intention and their correlation with CFKS-C accuracy. Results The average accuracy of the CFKS-C was 56.32% (SD=22.05), and the rate of misunderstanding of the statement “a healthy lifestyle can make you fertile” was highest (82.85%). A total of 782 students (94.44%) were willing to have children, among whom 11.64% were willing to have children after the age of 30. Ordered multiple logistic regression indicated that the willingness of grade 3 students to have multiple children was 1.570 times that of grade 2 students (OR=0.637), and the willingness of male students to have multiple children was 1.623 times stronger than that of female students. College students with an annual family income of 100 000 to 200 000 yuan were less willing to have multiple children than those with an annual family income of 200 000 yuan or more. Stepwise regression results showed that being non-Cantonese, being a senior, and having low CFKS-C levelswere associated with greater likelihood of having children after 30 years of age (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall level of reproductive knowledge of college students in Zhaoqing City was not high, particularly regarding the misunderstanding of the effects of lifestyle on fertility. The addition of health education related to reproductive promotion in school sex education would aid in improving reproductive intention among college students, to decrease the occurrence of involuntary childlessness or smaller than expected birth plans in the future.

Objective The genotypes and composition ratio of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed, to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control measures, prenatal diagnosis, premarital examination, and genetic counseling for thalassemia. Methods Peripheral blood samples from 12 680 patients with thalassemia from April 2018 to December 2022 were examined. Three missing alpha-thalassemia genes were detected by cross-break polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR), and three non-missing alpha-thalassemia genes and 17 β-thalassemia genes were detected by PCR-reverse dot hybridization (PCR-RDB). Results Among the 12 680 samples, 3 499 (27.59%) indicated thalassemia gene carriage, with a total of 57 genotypes, of which 2 214 (17.46%) indicated thalassemia gene carriage, 1 215 (9.58%) indicated β-thalassemia gene carriage, and 70 (0.55%) indicated α-complex β-thalassemia gene carriage. Moreover, α-deletions were the most common among the 57 thalassemia genotypes (2 156 cases (61.62%)), and α-thalassemia medium --SEA/αα was the most common mutation type (1 622 cases (73.26%)). β-thalidomia βIVS-II-654/βN was the most important mutation type and was observed in 535 cases (44.03%). A total of 59 cases (3.37%) of α-thalassemia intermedia, three cases of β-thalassemia intermedia, and two cases of severe β-thalassemia were detected. Conclusions The thalassemia gene carriage rate in the population of Fujian was high, and showed genetic diversity and heterogeneity. Greater attention should be paid to thalassemia screening during pre-marital and pregnancy examinations.

Objective This study analyzed the regulatory mechanism of academic support perception between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 133 undergraduate nursing interns, who were investigated with a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Risk Perception Questionnaire for Nurses, the Transition Shock Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Students, and the Academic Support in the Practicum Scale. Results The total score of risk perception of nursing profession, transition shock, and academic support perception were 90.77±16.48, 47.22±7.14, and 161.39±31.44, respectively. Academic support perception had a moderating effect between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock (β=0.078, P=0.033). Simple slope analysis indicated that, under conditions of high and low academic support perception, the effect of risk perception of nursing profession on transition shock was statistically significant (β=0.508, P<0.001; β=0.296, P<0.001). Johnson-Neyman analysis revealed that the boundary value of the regulatory effect of academic support perception between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock was 106.91. Conclusions Academic support perception can regulate the relationship between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns. Our findings provide new insights for nursing educators.

Objective This study was aimed at understanding the current status of overweight and obesity, as well as the associated factors such as dietary and lifestyle habits, among primary and secondary school students in an area of Tianjin, to provide a basis for the development of intervention measures for overweight and obesity among students in this area. Methods We collected overweight and obesity-related monitoring data from the National Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Program in an area of Tianjin, from 2019 to 2023, and analyzed the distribution characteristics and factors influencing overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students. Results A total of 7 789 students were included in the analysis. The overweight and obesity rate was 41.0%: 49.9% of boys and 31.3% of girls were affected, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=280.38, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated higher risk of overweight and obesity among students drinking sugar-sweetened beverages one or more times per day (OR=1.121, 95%CI: 1.063-1.194), eating fried food one or more times per day (OR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.013-1.183), or having a daily sleep time<8 hours (OR=1.770, 95%CI: 1.201-2.590), and lower risk of overweight and obesity among students exercising>60 min/d more than 2 days per week (OR=0.857, 95%CI: 0.822-0.915) or having two or more weekly physical education classes (OR=0.823, 95%CI: 0.771-0.873). Conclusions The overall overweight and obesity rate among students in the studied area of Tianjin was relatively high, and was associated with factors such as diet, sports, and lifestyle habits. Targeted intervention measures should be adopted to control the occurrence and development of overweight and obesity in students.

Objective This study was aimed at investigating the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among college men who have sex with men (MSM), to provide a basis for AIDS prevention awareness and formulation of effective scientific intervention measures in the future. Methods Through a snowball and peer recommendation approach, 165 college students MSM underwent a questionnaire survey from June to December 2023 to determine their current status of HIV-related knowledge and high-risk sexual behaviors. HIV knowledge levels and differences in high-risk sexual behaviors among college students with various characteristics were compared. Results The overall AIDS knowledge awareness rate among university MSM was low, at 81.14%. Respondents had insufficient knowledge of their HIV susceptibility and showed a gap between knowledge and action. With increasing grade level and sexual experience, knowledge of AIDS among MSM increased to some extent. The dissociation rate between knowledge and practice was higher than the rate of knowledge and practical use of condoms among MSM college students. The difference between the proportion of those without vs. with homosexual anal sex in the past year (100% vs. 58.42%) was statistically significant (χ2=19.449, P<0.001). The difference between the proportion of those who had been or had not been diagnosed with an STD in the past year (94.59% vs. 59.38%) was statistically significant (χ2=15.535, P<0.001). Conclusion The lack of awareness of HIV susceptibility among college MSM, and the separation of knowledge and behavior, suggests that colleges and universities should enhance their efforts to promote HIV prevention among this group, strengthen awareness of safer sex, and help students better translate correct sexual knowledge into safer sex, to curb the spread of HIV among this group.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting depression symptoms in middle school students and provide novel insights for preventing and controlling students’ depression with appropriate measures, the relationship of campus bullying and injury-related behaviors with depression symptoms were analyzed. Methods The 10 330 students from junior, senior and vocational high school (37 schools, 11 counties) in Jining City were enrolled, with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A questionnaire survey on injuries, campus bullying, and CES-D depression self-assessment was conducted. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis was used to analyze the relationships of injuries and campus bullying with depression among middle school students. Results The 232 (2.25%) students suffered campus bullying, 8 257 (79.93%) students had injury-related behaviors, and 1 292 (12.51%) students suffered depression symptoms. Among them, 52.16% of students being bullied and 32.65% of injured students had depression symptoms. After controlling for factors, such as gender, education level and household registration, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that experiencing campus bullying (OR=7.43, 95% CI: 5.61-9.83), suffering serious injuries (OR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.18-3.88), fighting with others (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 2.21-3.34), and being scolded or beaten by parents (OR=4.58, 95% CI: 3.87-5.41) were all positively relationship with the prevalence of developing depression symptoms. Conclusions Suffering from campus bullying, injuries, and being scolded or beaten by parents are related to the risk of depression symptoms among middle school students. Preventing campus bullying and injury-related behavior are particularly important for reducing the incidence of adolescent depression symptoms.

Objective The clinical effects of injection of betahistine combined with methylprednisolone into the tympanum on sudden deafness and hearing are discussed, according to clinical experience. Methods Ninety-two patients with sudden deafness admitted to the Miyun District Hospital in Beijing between January 2021 and May 2023 were randomly divided into a study group (n=46) and control group (n=46). The control group received betahistine, and the study group received methylprednisone injection into the tympanum on the basis of betahistine treatment. The clinical efficacy, hearing threshold, and hemorheology indexes before and after treatment, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between groups. Results The total effectiveness rate was 95.65% in the study group and 76.09% in the control group; the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.265, P=0.016). No significant difference in the hearing threshold was observed between groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the 1, 2, and 4 kHz hearing thresholds were higher in the study group (45.11±4.26, 43.73±4.65, and 53.33±5.65 dB, respectively) than the control group (55.39±5.09, 57.26±5.64, and 62.78±6.46 dB, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant (t=10.504, 12.554, and 7.468, respectively; all P<0.05). After treatment, PV, HSV, and LSV were 1.52±0.18, 4.55±0.37, and 7.06±0.75 mPa·s, respectively, in the in the study group, and 1.92±0.26, 5.58±0.53, and 9.85±0.98 mPa·s, respectively, in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). No significant difference in complication rates was observed between the study group (4.35%) and the control group (6.52%) (χ2=0.211, P=0.646). Conclusion Betahistine combined with methylprednisone injection into the tympanum for treatment of sudden deafness significantly improves the hearing threshold in patients and decreases adverse reactions, and therefore is worthy of further clinical application.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the factors of general practice students’ employment at grassroots level, so as to provide a basis for the talents cultivation of general practice under the background of the “New Medicine”. Methods Questionnaire surveys and regression analysis were adopted to examine the factors of general practice students’ employment at grassroots level. Results Personal capability or qualifications (Coef.=-0.203, P<0.001) had a significant negative impact on general practice students’ employment at grassroots level. In contrast, support from personal life values (Coef.=0.120, P=0.079), national policies (Coef.=0.318, P<0.001), and family members or friends (Coef.=0.161, P=0.022) showed significant positive effects on students’ employment intentions. Conclusion In the cultivation of general practice talent, future efforts should focus on enhancing medical humanities education, integrating ideological and political education into the talent training of general practice, so as to address the critical issue of talent shortages in grassroots healthcare institutions.

Objective This study analyzed the loss coefficient and factors influencing vaccine loss in a multi-dose vaccine immunization program in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023, to understand the status of current vaccine loss. Methods Use and vaccination data for bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG), group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV-A), and diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine (DT) were collected from 17 vaccination clinics in Putuo District, Shanghai, during 2021-2023, and the loss coefficient was calculated. Results The total use of the three types of vaccines in multi-dose immunization programs in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023 was 75 696 doses, and the total loss coefficient was 1.77. The total loss coefficients for BCG, MPSV-A, and DT were 2.68, 2.35, and 1.26, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the multi-dose vaccine loss coefficient negatively correlated with the district/town classification of the vaccination clinic, the monthly vaccination amounts of the vaccination clinic, and the vaccine specifications (r=-0.138, P<0.001; r=-0.658, P<0.001; and r=-0.761, P<0.001), and positively correlated with the monthly number of vaccination days of the vaccination clinic ( r=0.220, P<0.001). Conclusions The loss coefficient for some multi-dose vaccines provided by immunization programs in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023 exceeded the national standard. Each vaccination unit is recommended to scientifically formulate a vaccine use plan, arrange for reasonable opening hours for vaccination clinics, and enable centralized vaccination appointments to decrease the loss of vaccines in multi-dose immunization programs.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and differences in body composition among children and adolescents aged 6-18 year with normal weight and obesity, and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and intervention of obesity. Methods From September to December 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 204 children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) from four schools in Beijing, with a stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and body mass were measured through physical examinations, and obesity was determined with the standard of “Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents (WS/T 586-2018)”. Their body composition was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), and indicators including fat mass index (FMI), muscle mass index (MMI), fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMMR) were calculated. Generalized additive models for location scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were employed to fit percentile curves for indicators of body composition. The reference values of children and adolescents with normal weight and obesity by age and sex were obtained. Differences in body composition distributions between the two groups were then compared. Results A total of 1 204 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were enrolled. Children and adolescents with obesity had higher FMI, MMI, and FMMR than those with normal weight, particularly in the abdominal and trunk regions (P<0.001). FMI showed a trend of rising initially and then falling. Among children with normal weight, FMI gradually decreased after age 11, while that of FMI decreased after age 15 in children with obesity. MMI exhibited a “rapid growth phase” during puberty and the growth rate in the obese group was smaller than that in the normal weight group. FMMR in all regions initially showed a trend of rising and then declining around 10-12 years of age among children with normal weight, whereas in obese children, FMMR P50 in the abdomen, trunk, and hip regions failed to decline until age of 18. Conclusions There are differences in the distribution of body composition among children and adolescents with normal weight and obesity. Children and adolescents with obesity may experience increased fat accumulation in the abdominal and trunk regions, accompanied by slower muscle growth during puberty. These findings support the development of more precise obesity prevention and management strategies in pediatric populations. Further investigation into the underlying causes of abnormal fat distribution in obese children and adolescents are warranted to better inform targeted prevention and treatment efforts.

Objective An epidemiological investigation and analysis of the brucellosis epidemic caused by consuming fresh goat’s milk in Nanchang City in 2023 was conducted. The source of infection was determined, thus providing a scientific basis for the future management of such incidents. Methods Sources of confirmed cases of infection were screened. Epidemiological investigations were conducted on close contacts, and subsequent brucellosis testing was performed on the sheep herds of all patients’ close contacts and families, as well as cattle and sheep raised within 3-5 kms. Exposure factor analysis was conducted on all populations with a history of contact with livestock or animal products (mainly sheep’s milk). The results were analyzed and described. Results A total of 19 confirmed cases were identified in this epidemic, and two cases were implicitly infected individuals. The main clinical manifestations were fever (84.21%), excessive sweating (10.53%), fatigue (47.37%), muscle and joint pain (57.89%),and lumbago (15.79%). No statistically significant relationship was identified between fresh sheep’s milk dosage and disease onset (P>0.05). Conclusions The current outbreak of the epidemic was caused by infection from raw, fresh sheep’s milk. The source of infection might have been related to the imported source of the disease, hidden infections in sheep, and contact with infected sheep. To prevent future outbreaks it is essential to strengthen the quarantine management of sheep’s milk and other products, decrease the risk of brucellosis, increase awareness and education regarding brucellosis prevention and control, and curb increases in the brucellosis epidemic.

Objective This study was aimed at analyzing disseminated cases and outbreaks of foodborne diseases among students in Linyi City during 2018-2022, to reveal the epidemiological trends and main causative factors, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures. Methods This study comprehensively analyzed foodborne disease cases and outbreaks in Linyi City from 2018 to 2022, on the basis of data in the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System and Outbreak Surveillance System. The data processing performed in Excel 2021, and descriptive statistics analysis was performed in SPSS 29.0, including cases’ basic status, time distribution, types of suspected food exposure and outbreak sites. Results A total of 375 086 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Linyi City from 2018 to 2022, 28 258 of which were in students, accounting for 7.53%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.37∶1. Cases were concentrated in May to August, particularly in June. Fruits and their products, meat and meat products, and vegetables and their products were the main suspected food exposures. The main outbreak sites were homes, schools and school canteens. The causative factors were primarily unidentified, and biological factors and toxic plants were the main contributors, among the known factors. Conclusions Foodborne diseases among students in Linyi City showed clear seasonal characteristics. Most pathogenic factors remained unidentified, thus necessitating continued enhancement of pathogen detection and food safety inspection efforts. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made to strengthen food safety education, improve food handling and storage conditions, raise awareness regarding toxic plants, strengthen public health policies and regulations, and promote cross-sectoral cooperation.

Objective This study investigated the positivity rate of hepatitis B virus serum markers in a healthy population in Zhumadian City from 2021 to 2023, and evaluated the immune effects of hepatitis B vaccine, to provide data to support improved immunization strategies and the elimination of viral hepatitis. Methods A multi-stage stratification sampling method was used. From 2021 to 2023, one or two district offices or towns each in one or two counties and districts in Zhumadian were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected from the resident population 1-79 years of age, and serum markers of hepatitis B were detected with ELISA and chemiluminescence for analysis of positivity rates. Results A total of 1 803 individuals were selected from Zhumadian City from 2021 to 2023, and 13 serotypes were detected, among which 3 cases (0.17%) were “Big Three Yang” (HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb positive), and 12 cases were “Minor Three Yang” (HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb positive), accounting for 0.67%.The positivity rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb were 1.50%, 70.88%, 0.17%, 3.22% and 16.69%, respectively. Conclusion The infection rate of hepatitis B in Zhumadian City is very low.

为贯彻落实《健康中国行动（2019 —2030年）》关于中小学生健康促进的行动，推动新时期儿童青少年健康领域学术交流和学科发展，中华预防医学会儿少卫生分会拟于2025年8月中旬在江苏省徐州市召开第十七届全国儿童青少年健康学术会议。

To enhance influenza prevention and control capabilities in schools, this consensus proposes a comprehensive strategy for influenza prevention and control in schools, based on domestic and international research and practices, encompassing the following key components: (1) General prevention strategy: Non-pharmaceutical interventions, including isolating sources of infection, strengthening hand hygiene, and ventilation can effectively reduce transmission in schools, requiring further implementation. (2) Vaccination campaign optimization: Annual influenza vaccination is the most cost-effective measures to protect students from influenza and severe complications, reducing school closures due to outbreaks, minimizing absenteeism, and parental work disruptions. Key strategies include policy requirements, safeguards, and advocacy to improve vaccination accessibility, and convenience for students, through optimized campus vaccination programs. (3) Addressing awareness gaps and prioritizing health campaign: Significant knowledge gaps on the threat of influenza and vaccine safety profiles are found among key stakeholders (parents, school healthcare providers, teachers, school administrators, and students), especially in rural and disadvantaged areas. Targeted health education focusing on differentiating influenza from common colds, vaccine efficacy, and daily protective measures is essential to enhance health literacy through multi-channel campaigns. (4) Strengthening organizational systems and multisectoral collaboration: School healthcare staffing should meet public health demands, with enhanced training for healthcare personnel. A collaborative framework involving schools, CDCs, and communities, health services is essential. Joint efforts by education, health, and CDC authorities are needed to formulate integrated plans, emphasizing surveillance, vaccination oversight, and building a “family-school-community-healthcare” system. (5) Policy support for influenza prevention: Comprehensive policy frameworks are critical to improving prevention efficacy in schools. (6) Contingency plan: Schools should establish emergency response plans to enforce daily health checks, symptom surveillance, ventilation, and disinfection, while standardizing management via the “two plans and nine systems” framework. This consensus emphasizes the importance of policy-driven vaccination campaigns, optimized organization and multi-dimensional health education to establish a scientific, efficient and school-based prevention system, reducing the burden of respiratory infectious diseases and safeguarding children and adolescents’ health and educational continuity.

Nutrition literacy encompasses the collection of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to acquire, comprehend, and process information and services of food nutrition that can be helpful for making food and nutrition decisions. It functions as a bridge connecting individuals, food, and the environment, and holds predictive value for dietary behaviors. Upon the previous studies, this review was undertaken to examine the association between nutrition literacy and dietary behaviors among school-aged children. The findings revealed that the overall nutrition literacy level among school-aged children was linked to healthy dietary behaviors, and enhancing specific facets of nutrition literacy could foster healthier food consumption patterns. Future research endeavors should delve deeper into the associations between various competencies and dietary behaviors, as well as the interplay between children’s nutrition literacy and health outcomes, to furnish scientific basis and clues for the intervention of children’s dietary behaviors and the improvement of children’s nutritional status based on nutrition education.

Objective This study was designed to analyze the dynamic characteristics and causes of accidental deaths among primary and secondary school students in Huizhou and provide reliable evidence for developing preventive strategies. Methods With the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) of V01-X59 series, a total of 1 206 cases were retrospectively enrolled from the Huizhou Statistical Bureau official data between 2015 and 2021. Results From 2015 to 2021, there were 1 206 deaths in Huizhou, with a mortality rate of 19.37/ 100 000. Among them, Compared with the primary school level, the accidental mortality rates at secondary school level were higher (14.93/ 100 000), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The main causes of accidental death were traffic accidents, drowning, and suicide, and the mortality rates of these causes were the highest at the secondary school level. Between 2015 and 2021, the mortality rates from traffic accidents showed an increasing trend, while the mortality rates from suicide and drowning showed a decreasing trend. Conclusions Secondary school students are a key population for preventing accidental deaths, especially those caused by traffic accidents. Moreover, different targeted intervention measures should be taken based on the characteristics of the primary and secondary school to reduce the occurrence of accidental death incidents.

Objective This study was aimed at understanding knowledge regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among high school students in the Xunyang District of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, as well as related influencing factors, to provide data support for the establishment of a tuberculosis-free campus. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 2 224 high school first-year students from five schools in Xunyang District, Jiujiang City. A questionnaire covering core information for tuberculosis prevention and control was used, and the results were assessed with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results In 2023, the total awareness rate regarding core tuberculosis prevention and control information was 82.77%. The full awareness rate regarding core information was 16.86%. The full awareness rate showed positive correlations with female students (P<0.05, OR=1.296, 95% CI: 1.032-1.629) and those who had received publicity materials and education (P<0.05, OR=1.825, 95% CI: 1.371-2.428). Tuberculosis information was obtained primarily through online (44.73%) and school lecture (41.52%) publicity. The expected routes for obtaining tuberculosis information were school lecture publicity (65.07%) and online publicity (18.72%). Conclusions Students’ knowledge of TB prevention and control is low in Xunyang District of Jiujiang City and has not reached 90% of the requirement for TB free communities. Low awareness rates were associated with male students, and a lack of publicity and education.

Objective To assess the cognition level and health needs regarding juvenile diabetes mellitus among residents in the Dali Bai autonomous prefecture, and provide scientific evidence for improving chronic disease management in minority-populated areas of Yunnan. Methods A total of 513 residents from Eryuan County were enrolled with a cluster random sampling method, from July to August 2023. Data were collected with structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data entry and double check were performed using Epidata 3.1, and statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 25.0. Results Among the respondents, Bai ethnic residents accounted for 52.2%, with children and adolescents covering 56.6%. A total of 77.1% of residents exhibited misconceptions about juvenile diabetes mellitus, with 53.1% believing that adolescents are susceptible to diabetes. Additionally, 40.7% failed to take blood glucose testing, and 57.2% believed that diabetes cannot be asymptomatic. Furthermore, 51.3% considered age to be a direct cause of diabetes, 63.5% believed that diabetes patients with stable blood glucose should continue taking medication, 39.6% were unaware of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, 18.7% were unfamiliar with the risk factors for juvenile diabetes mellitus, 17.7% lacked knowledge of diabetes management measures, and 18.7% had no understanding of diabetes at all. Further analysis revealed that the awareness and health needs of residents among different age groups regarding juvenile diabetes mellitus differed. Compared with children and adolescents, adult residents had a significantly lower awareness level of juvenile diabetes mellitus (χ2=95.41, P<0.05). Conclusions The cognitive level and knowledge of juvenile diabetes mellitus in Bai autonomous prefecture is limited. Authorities, such as local community and relevant agencies, should strengthen health education and promptly implement targeted prevention and control strategies.

Objective To analyze the correlations between bedtime procrastination and sleep duration with respect to sleep quality among medical students, and improve the students’ unhealthy sleep behaviors with practical measures. Methods Convenience sampling survey was conducted among students from a university in Xuzhou via the general situation questionnaire, morningness and eveningness questionnaire, sleep procrastination scale. Subsequently, data were pre-processed with Pearson correlation analysis to determine the correlations among various variables. A mediation model was established to determine the masking effect of sleep procrastination between sleep duration and sleep quality. Results Sleep procrastination was negatively associated with sleep duration (r=-0.348, P<0.001), while positively associated with poor sleep quality (r=0.364, P<0.001). Sleep procrastination plays a mask between sleep duration and sleep quality. Conclusion Contemporary medical students should improve unhealthy sleep behaviors, such as sleep procrastination, adjust the sleep duration to morningness, and then improve sleep quality.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics of diseases diagnosed by gastroscopy in pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and to provide novel insights for clinical diagnosis and prevention of the diseases. Methods The gastroscopy results of 399 pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who received gastroscopy in our hospital from January 2022 to August 2023 were analyzed. Among them, 193 cases underwent 13C urea breath test. The 399 pediatric patients included were assigned to pre-school group, school-age group, and adolescence group. The abnormal detection rate of gastroscopy and the positive rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) were analyzed in these pediatric patients. Results The abnormal detection rate of gastroscopy in 399 pediatric patients was 79.9%, showing an increasing trend with age (χ2trend=27.227, P<0.001). A total of 16 types of lesions were detected, among which chronic non-atrophic gastritis accounted for the highest proportion (67.1%). The positive rate of Hp in 193 pediatric patients was 65.3%, which also increased with age (χ2trend=13.204, P<0.001). The abnormal detection rate of gastroscopy in Hp-positive pediatric patients was 88.0%. Conclusion Pediatric patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms show a high rate of abnormalities on gastroscopy, and should receive gastroscopy promptly to identify the disease types.

Objective This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the status of vaccination in the Beibei District of Chongqing, and analyzed vaccine effectiveness (VE), to provide a scientific basis for varicella prevention and control. Methods Reported cases of varicella in the Beibei District of Chongqing from 2014 to 2023 were collected from the China disease prevention and control information system. VarV vaccination data for children 1-14 years of age were collected from the Chongqing Immunization Information Management System. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of varicella through descriptive epidemiological methods and estimated varicella VE through a screening method. Results Varicella incidence increased from 2014 to 2019, then sharply decreased after 2019 (P<0.05). Varicella cases peaked in incidence in May to June, and November to December. Most cases were in students 5-9 years old, but the demographics shifted to primarily students 10-14 years old after 2021. The second dose of VarV administration substantially increased. From 2017 to 2023, the one-dose and two-dose VarV vaccination rates were 43.51%-79.42% and 5.41%-33.56%, respectively, and showed a rising trend (P<0.05). The average VE was 62.6% (95%CI : 60.3%- 64.8%)in the one-dose vaccination group and 86.3% (95%CI : 83.1%-88.8%)in the two-dose vaccination group. Conclusions After adjustment of the varicella vaccination program to a two-dose regimen, the rise in varicella incidence was effectively controlled,and the age distribution changed. VE levels were greater with two-dose rather than one-dose VarV. Routine two-dose VarV vaccination efforts should be strengthened among age-eligible children.