Objective This study investigated the current status of fertility knowledge and fertility intention among 828 college students at six universities in Zhaoqing City, and explored the correlations and influencing factors between the two. Methods From March to May 2023, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 828 college students at six universities in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, with the Chinese version of the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-C), the self-made fertility intention questionnaire, and the Family Planning Change questionnaire, to understand their fertility knowledge and fertility intention, and to assess factors influencing fertility intention and their correlation with CFKS-C accuracy. Results The average accuracy of the CFKS-C was 56.32% (SD=22.05), and the rate of misunderstanding of the statement “a healthy lifestyle can make you fertile” was highest (82.85%). A total of 782 students (94.44%) were willing to have children, among whom 11.64% were willing to have children after the age of 30. Ordered multiple logistic regression indicated that the willingness of grade 3 students to have multiple children was 1.570 times that of grade 2 students (OR=0.637), and the willingness of male students to have multiple children was 1.623 times stronger than that of female students. College students with an annual family income of 100 000 to 200 000 yuan were less willing to have multiple children than those with an annual family income of 200 000 yuan or more. Stepwise regression results showed that being non-Cantonese, being a senior, and having low CFKS-C levelswere associated with greater likelihood of having children after 30 years of age (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall level of reproductive knowledge of college students in Zhaoqing City was not high, particularly regarding the misunderstanding of the effects of lifestyle on fertility. The addition of health education related to reproductive promotion in school sex education would aid in improving reproductive intention among college students, to decrease the occurrence of involuntary childlessness or smaller than expected birth plans in the future.

Objective This study was aimed at analyzing disseminated cases and outbreaks of foodborne diseases among students in Linyi City during 2018-2022, to reveal the epidemiological trends and main causative factors, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures. Methods This study comprehensively analyzed foodborne disease cases and outbreaks in Linyi City from 2018 to 2022, on the basis of data in the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System and Outbreak Surveillance System. The data processing performed in Excel 2021, and descriptive statistics analysis was performed in SPSS 29.0, including cases’ basic status, time distribution, types of suspected food exposure and outbreak sites. Results A total of 375 086 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Linyi City from 2018 to 2022, 28 258 of which were in students, accounting for 7.53%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.37∶1. Cases were concentrated in May to August, particularly in June. Fruits and their products, meat and meat products, and vegetables and their products were the main suspected food exposures. The main outbreak sites were homes, schools and school canteens. The causative factors were primarily unidentified, and biological factors and toxic plants were the main contributors, among the known factors. Conclusions Foodborne diseases among students in Linyi City showed clear seasonal characteristics. Most pathogenic factors remained unidentified, thus necessitating continued enhancement of pathogen detection and food safety inspection efforts. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made to strengthen food safety education, improve food handling and storage conditions, raise awareness regarding toxic plants, strengthen public health policies and regulations, and promote cross-sectoral cooperation.

Objective An epidemiological investigation and analysis of the brucellosis epidemic caused by consuming fresh goat’s milk in Nanchang City in 2023 was conducted. The source of infection was determined, thus providing a scientific basis for the future management of such incidents. Methods Sources of confirmed cases of infection were screened. Epidemiological investigations were conducted on close contacts, and subsequent brucellosis testing was performed on the sheep herds of all patients’ close contacts and families, as well as cattle and sheep raised within 3-5 kms. Exposure factor analysis was conducted on all populations with a history of contact with livestock or animal products (mainly sheep’s milk). The results were analyzed and described. Results A total of 19 confirmed cases were identified in this epidemic, and two cases were implicitly infected individuals. The main clinical manifestations were fever (84.21%), excessive sweating (10.53%), fatigue (47.37%), muscle and joint pain (57.89%),and lumbago (15.79%). No statistically significant relationship was identified between fresh sheep’s milk dosage and disease onset (P>0.05). Conclusions The current outbreak of the epidemic was caused by infection from raw, fresh sheep’s milk. The source of infection might have been related to the imported source of the disease, hidden infections in sheep, and contact with infected sheep. To prevent future outbreaks it is essential to strengthen the quarantine management of sheep’s milk and other products, decrease the risk of brucellosis, increase awareness and education regarding brucellosis prevention and control, and curb increases in the brucellosis epidemic.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and differences in body composition among children and adolescents aged 6-18 year with normal weight and obesity, and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and intervention of obesity. Methods From September to December 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 204 children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) from four schools in Beijing, with a stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and body mass were measured through physical examinations, and obesity was determined with the standard of “Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents (WS/T 586-2018)”. Their body composition was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), and indicators including fat mass index (FMI), muscle mass index (MMI), fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMMR) were calculated. Generalized additive models for location scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were employed to fit percentile curves for indicators of body composition. The reference values of children and adolescents with normal weight and obesity by age and sex were obtained. Differences in body composition distributions between the two groups were then compared. Results A total of 1 204 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were enrolled. Children and adolescents with obesity had higher FMI, MMI, and FMMR than those with normal weight, particularly in the abdominal and trunk regions (P<0.001). FMI showed a trend of rising initially and then falling. Among children with normal weight, FMI gradually decreased after age 11, while that of FMI decreased after age 15 in children with obesity. MMI exhibited a “rapid growth phase” during puberty and the growth rate in the obese group was smaller than that in the normal weight group. FMMR in all regions initially showed a trend of rising and then declining around 10-12 years of age among children with normal weight, whereas in obese children, FMMR P50 in the abdomen, trunk, and hip regions failed to decline until age of 18. Conclusions There are differences in the distribution of body composition among children and adolescents with normal weight and obesity. Children and adolescents with obesity may experience increased fat accumulation in the abdominal and trunk regions, accompanied by slower muscle growth during puberty. These findings support the development of more precise obesity prevention and management strategies in pediatric populations. Further investigation into the underlying causes of abnormal fat distribution in obese children and adolescents are warranted to better inform targeted prevention and treatment efforts.

Objective This study was aimed at understanding the health status, and the vision-related influencing factors, among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2021, to provide a reference for improving school environments and facilities, and promoting students’ healthy development. Methods From 2019 to 2021, six classrooms at 162, 157, and 170 primary and secondary schools were selected for on-site measurements of classroom area per student, desks and chairs, blackboards, lighting, and noise, to evaluate the quality of the teaching environment. A total of 45 402, 40 526, and 42 404 primary and secondary school students were surveyed for vision-related influencing factors, including the in-school eye environment, out-of-school eye environment, reading and writing postures, electronic screen use, close-up eye habits, outdoor activities, and sleep. Results From 2019 to 2021, the pass rates for classroom area per student were 48.83%, 45.91%, and 45.78%; the pass rates for blackboard reflectance ratio were 30.76%, 31.29%, and 32.06%; and the average illumination pass rates for classroom desktops were 42.90%, 44.41%, and 43.92%; the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average pass rates for blackboard surface illumination were 10.96%, 14.52%, and 20.49%, whereas the pass rates for desk and chair assignment were 28.65%, 32.27%, and 51.30%; the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Among vision-related influencing factors, the rate of close-up work exceeded 50%. The rates of one or more types of close-up work were 72.39%, 82.14%, and 81.63%, whereas the rates of persistent close-up work for more than 1 hour were 67.75%, 70.83%, and 72.46%; the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Conclusions From 2019 to 2021, the pass rates for various environmental sanitation monitoring indicators in primary and secondary schools in Xinjiang were generally low, and behaviors associated with myopia risk were common among students. Schools must im-prove their environmental infrastructures and optimize the factors influencing poor vision.

Objective This study analyzed the regulatory mechanism of academic support perception between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 133 undergraduate nursing interns, who were investigated with a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Risk Perception Questionnaire for Nurses, the Transition Shock Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Students, and the Academic Support in the Practicum Scale. Results The total score of risk perception of nursing profession, transition shock, and academic support perception were 90.77±16.48, 47.22±7.14, and 161.39±31.44, respectively. Academic support perception had a moderating effect between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock (β=0.078, P=0.033). Simple slope analysis indicated that, under conditions of high and low academic support perception, the effect of risk perception of nursing profession on transition shock was statistically significant (β=0.508, P<0.001; β=0.296, P<0.001). Johnson-Neyman analysis revealed that the boundary value of the regulatory effect of academic support perception between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock was 106.91. Conclusions Academic support perception can regulate the relationship between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns. Our findings provide new insights for nursing educators.

Objective This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the status of vaccination in the Beibei District of Chongqing, and analyzed vaccine effectiveness (VE), to provide a scientific basis for varicella prevention and control. Methods Reported cases of varicella in the Beibei District of Chongqing from 2014 to 2023 were collected from the China disease prevention and control information system. VarV vaccination data for children 1-14 years of age were collected from the Chongqing Immunization Information Management System. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of varicella through descriptive epidemiological methods and estimated varicella VE through a screening method. Results Varicella incidence increased from 2014 to 2019, then sharply decreased after 2019 (P<0.05). Varicella cases peaked in incidence in May to June, and November to December. Most cases were in students 5-9 years old, but the demographics shifted to primarily students 10-14 years old after 2021. The second dose of VarV administration substantially increased. From 2017 to 2023, the one-dose and two-dose VarV vaccination rates were 43.51%-79.42% and 5.41%-33.56%, respectively, and showed a rising trend (P<0.05). The average VE was 62.6% (95%CI : 60.3%- 64.8%)in the one-dose vaccination group and 86.3% (95%CI : 83.1%-88.8%)in the two-dose vaccination group. Conclusions After adjustment of the varicella vaccination program to a two-dose regimen, the rise in varicella incidence was effectively controlled,and the age distribution changed. VE levels were greater with two-dose rather than one-dose VarV. Routine two-dose VarV vaccination efforts should be strengthened among age-eligible children.

Objective The clinical effects of injection of betahistine combined with methylprednisolone into the tympanum on sudden deafness and hearing are discussed, according to clinical experience. Methods Ninety-two patients with sudden deafness admitted to the Miyun District Hospital in Beijing between January 2021 and May 2023 were randomly divided into a study group (n=46) and control group (n=46). The control group received betahistine, and the study group received methylprednisone injection into the tympanum on the basis of betahistine treatment. The clinical efficacy, hearing threshold, and hemorheology indexes before and after treatment, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between groups. Results The total effectiveness rate was 95.65% in the study group and 76.09% in the control group; the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.265, P=0.016). No significant difference in the hearing threshold was observed between groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the 1, 2, and 4 kHz hearing thresholds were higher in the study group (45.11±4.26, 43.73±4.65, and 53.33±5.65 dB, respectively) than the control group (55.39±5.09, 57.26±5.64, and 62.78±6.46 dB, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant (t=10.504, 12.554, and 7.468, respectively; all P<0.05). After treatment, PV, HSV, and LSV were 1.52±0.18, 4.55±0.37, and 7.06±0.75 mPa·s, respectively, in the in the study group, and 1.92±0.26, 5.58±0.53, and 9.85±0.98 mPa·s, respectively, in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). No significant difference in complication rates was observed between the study group (4.35%) and the control group (6.52%) (χ2=0.211, P=0.646). Conclusion Betahistine combined with methylprednisone injection into the tympanum for treatment of sudden deafness significantly improves the hearing threshold in patients and decreases adverse reactions, and therefore is worthy of further clinical application.

Objective To investigate the distribution of overweight and obesity among college students in Nanchang, and to analyze the impact of unhealthy lifestyles on the risk of overweight and obesity. Methods From April to May 2024, college students from three universities in Nanchang were randomly surveyed by questionnaire. The distribution of overweight and obesity among college students was investigated. Both the χ2 tests and logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the impact of unhealthy lifestyles on overweight and obesity. Results A total of 19 790 students were enrolled, with 2 070 cases of overweight (10.46%) and 1 508 cases of obesity (7.62%). After adjusting for gender, grades, and school, we found that smoking was negatively correlated with overweight and obesity (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.58-0.71), and those who slept less than 5 hours/day (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 1.42-3.98) were positively correlated with overweight and obesity (P<0.05). In male students, those who slept either 5-8 hours/day or less than 5 hours/day had an increased risk of overweight and obesity (P<0.05), compared with those sleeping more than 8 hours/day. Junior students who sleep 5-8 hours/day and senior students who sleep less than 5 hours/day also showed an increased risk of overweight and obesity (P<0.05). Conclusions Smoking and insufficient sleep both have varying degrees of impact on the overweight and obesity among college students. To prevent and control overweight and obesity of universities should start with cultivating healthy lifestyles.

Objective This study investigated cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence and risk factors among residents 35 years or older in Xuzhou City, to provide a reference for CVD prevention and control. Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to identify survey participants. Information was collected with a questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical tests. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results The crude prevalence of CVD was 11.20%. The incidence rates of myocardial infarction and stroke were 2.56% and 8.14%, respectively. The proportions of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery were 1.66% and 0.80%, respectively. CVD prevalence differed by sex, age, educational level, family annual income, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and CVD family history (P<0.05). Male sex, older age, low education level, low family income, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and family history of CVD were risk factors for CVD. Conclusions The prevalence of CVD among Xuzhou residents 35 years or older was relatively high. Targeted measures considering various influencing factors should be pursued, to achieve prevention and control, and decrease the occurrence and development, of CVD.

Objective This study was aimed at determining the factors associated with proper use of nutritional supplements among male college students with a history of supplement use, to provide a reference for health education and the rational use of nutritional supplements. Methods A total of 1 043 male college students at two universities in Nanjing were selected with a random cluster sampling method. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire including basic demographic information, knowledge regarding supplements, and nutritional supplement use. Differences in proper use of nutritional supplements were compared among participants with different characteristics with chi-square tests. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the proper use of nutritional supplements. Results A total of 354 male college students had used nutritional supplements, 39 of whom had used the supplements properly. A statistically significant difference in the rate of proper nutritional supplement use was observed between students at the medical college versus the non-medical college (χ2=4.476, P<0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference in the rate of proper nutritional supplement use was observed between students who had gained nutritional supplement knowledge online (6.7%) and those who had not (16.2%) (χ2=8.156, P<0.01). In addition, a statistically significant difference in the rate of proper nutritional supplement use was observed between students using supplements for overall nutritional enhancement(5.9%) and those using supplements to remedy dietary nutritional deficiencies (16.4%) (χ2=7.072, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for improper use of nutritional supplements were knowledge of nutritional supplements gained online (OR=0.352, 95%CI : 0.171-0.725) and use of supplements for overall nutritional enhancement (OR=0.293, 95%CI : 0.119-0.718). Conclusion The proper use of nutritional supplements by male students is influenced by the knowledge source and purpose of use.

Objective This study was aimed at investigating the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among college men who have sex with men (MSM), to provide a basis for AIDS prevention awareness and formulation of effective scientific intervention measures in the future. Methods Through a snowball and peer recommendation approach, 165 college students MSM underwent a questionnaire survey from June to December 2023 to determine their current status of HIV-related knowledge and high-risk sexual behaviors. HIV knowledge levels and differences in high-risk sexual behaviors among college students with various characteristics were compared. Results The overall AIDS knowledge awareness rate among university MSM was low, at 81.14%. Respondents had insufficient knowledge of their HIV susceptibility and showed a gap between knowledge and action. With increasing grade level and sexual experience, knowledge of AIDS among MSM increased to some extent. The dissociation rate between knowledge and practice was higher than the rate of knowledge and practical use of condoms among MSM college students. The difference between the proportion of those without vs. with homosexual anal sex in the past year (100% vs. 58.42%) was statistically significant (χ2=19.449, P<0.001). The difference between the proportion of those who had been or had not been diagnosed with an STD in the past year (94.59% vs. 59.38%) was statistically significant (χ2=15.535, P<0.001). Conclusion The lack of awareness of HIV susceptibility among college MSM, and the separation of knowledge and behavior, suggests that colleges and universities should enhance their efforts to promote HIV prevention among this group, strengthen awareness of safer sex, and help students better translate correct sexual knowledge into safer sex, to curb the spread of HIV among this group.

Objective This study investigated the current social support status among non-only-child and only-child students at colleges and universities, and compared factors influencing social support, to provide a basis for improving social support among college students. Methods The study was conducted from February to April of 2021 at six colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. The cluster sampling method was used to select the participants. Tools such as the Egocentric Social Network Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory were used to investigate the level of social support and its influencing factors among participants. Multivariate analysis methods were used to explore the factors influencing social support levels, and to compare the current status and influencing factors of social support between non-only-child students and only-child students. Results Among 2 806 participants, 1 554 (55.4%) were non-only-children. The total score for social support level and the dimension of subjective support were higher among non-only-child students than only-child students. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that social anxiety (OR: 1.807, 95%CI: 1.054-1.122 for non-only children; OR: 1.049, 95% CI: 1.016-1.083 for only children), depression (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.050-1.099 for non-only children; OR: 1.095, 95%CI: 1.067-1.125 for only children), and individual local centrality (OR: 0.772, 95%CI: 0.718-0.830 for non-only-children; OR: 0.783, 95%CI: 0.724-0.847 for only children) were the common factors affecting social support among students in both groups. A single-parent family structure (OR: 0.534, 95%CI: 0.299-0.953) and better family economic status (OR: 0.385, 95%CI:0.243-0.609) were unique influencing factors for non-only-child students. Conclusions We observed differences in levels of social support between non-only-child and only-child students at colleges. The influencing factors included both common aspects and unique characteristics. In the context of adjustments to national fertility policies and changes in social and family structures, schools should focus on the commonalities among students while providing targeted support and assistance to help students enhance their social support levels and achieve healthy growth.

Objective This study was aimed at understanding knowledge regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among high school students in the Xunyang District of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, as well as related influencing factors, to provide data support for the establishment of a tuberculosis-free campus. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 2 224 high school first-year students from five schools in Xunyang District, Jiujiang City. A questionnaire covering core information for tuberculosis prevention and control was used, and the results were assessed with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results In 2023, the total awareness rate regarding core tuberculosis prevention and control information was 82.77%. The full awareness rate regarding core information was 16.86%. The full awareness rate showed positive correlations with female students (P<0.05, OR=1.296, 95% CI: 1.032-1.629) and those who had received publicity materials and education (P<0.05, OR=1.825, 95% CI: 1.371-2.428). Tuberculosis information was obtained primarily through online (44.73%) and school lecture (41.52%) publicity. The expected routes for obtaining tuberculosis information were school lecture publicity (65.07%) and online publicity (18.72%). Conclusions Students’ knowledge of TB prevention and control is low in Xunyang District of Jiujiang City and has not reached 90% of the requirement for TB free communities. Low awareness rates were associated with male students, and a lack of publicity and education.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting depression symptoms in middle school students and provide novel insights for preventing and controlling students’ depression with appropriate measures, the relationship of campus bullying and injury-related behaviors with depression symptoms were analyzed. Methods The 10 330 students from junior, senior and vocational high school (37 schools, 11 counties) in Jining City were enrolled, with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A questionnaire survey on injuries, campus bullying, and CES-D depression self-assessment was conducted. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis was used to analyze the relationships of injuries and campus bullying with depression among middle school students. Results The 232 (2.25%) students suffered campus bullying, 8 257 (79.93%) students had injury-related behaviors, and 1 292 (12.51%) students suffered depression symptoms. Among them, 52.16% of students being bullied and 32.65% of injured students had depression symptoms. After controlling for factors, such as gender, education level and household registration, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that experiencing campus bullying (OR=7.43, 95% CI: 5.61-9.83), suffering serious injuries (OR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.18-3.88), fighting with others (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 2.21-3.34), and being scolded or beaten by parents (OR=4.58, 95% CI: 3.87-5.41) were all positively relationship with the prevalence of developing depression symptoms. Conclusions Suffering from campus bullying, injuries, and being scolded or beaten by parents are related to the risk of depression symptoms among middle school students. Preventing campus bullying and injury-related behavior are particularly important for reducing the incidence of adolescent depression symptoms.