This article aims to discuss the current situation, challenges, and priorities facing the health promotion of children and adolescents, and to provide valuable insights and feasible strategies for future actions. The comprehensive development of children and adolescents is gaining importance, exemplified by major challenges including excessively high rates of myopia, rising prevalence of obesity, and prominent mental disorders. Furthermore, school health should be enhanced by improving policies, implementations, infrastructure and educational environment, in coordination with family environment. Future strategies require the integration of multifaceted priority areas of concern, especially “new quality productive forces”, to promote the physical, mental and fertility health of children and adolescents in an all-round way.

Objective This study explored the status of current physical activity among college students and analyzed related factors, to provide a theoretical and practical basis for conducting reasonable health education and improve health among college students. Methods A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 090 students from the first to fifth grades between June 2021 and December 2021. A survey was conducted with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The physical fitness status and influencing factors among college students were analyzed. Results Of the 1 090 college students, 630 (57.80%) did not meet the physical activity standards. The physical activity compliance rate in the specialist group (53.3%) was higher than that in the undergraduate group (40.6%). The physical activity compliance rate was higher among drinkers (55.4%) than non-drinkers (41.5%). The physical activity compliance rate was higher in the normal-weight group (45.4%) than the lean group (33.7%). The physical activity compliance rate was higher among fifth grade students (87.7%) than those in in other grades (43.2%, 48.5%, 60.0%, and 59.6%), whereas the physical activity compliance rates of fourth grade students (60.0%) and third grade students (59.6%) were higher than those of first grade students (43.2%). The intergroup differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). According to binary logistic regression analysis, education level, alcohol consumption, BMI, and grade were factors significantly (all P<0.05) influencing whether the physical activity level met the standard. Conclusions The proportion of college students who did not meet the physical activity standards in this survey was relatively high. The main factors affecting whether physical activity met the standards included education level, alcohol consumption, BMI, and grade. Schools are recommended to organize relevant activities to promote college students’ active participation in physical exercise.

Objective This study investigated the relationships among biological rhythm and depression, anxiety, and stress in medical college students, to provide evidence for improving mental health among medical college students. Methods A total of 594 students from a medical college underwent stratified cluster sampling and a self-reported questionnaire study. The students’ biological rhythm and mental health status were evaluated according to a depression-anxiety-stress self-rating scale, early-evening scale, exercise rhythm scale in the Healthy Lifestyle Scale for College Students, and diet rhythm scale in the Adolescent Biorhythm Disorder Assessment Questionnaire. Results Univariate analysis indicated that study burden, the degree of influence of dormitory students’ sleep and rest, sleep rhythm, exercise, and diet affected depression, anxiety, and stress among medical college students. Being an only child and monthly living expenses during school were found to affect anxiety; moreover, maternal education level was found to influence stress (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that students with an intermediate sleep-wake circadian rhythm were not prone to anxiety and stress. The early morning type was not prone to anxiety. Students who scored higher in exercise were less prone to depression. Students with higher diet scores were less prone to depression, anxiety, and stress (all P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rates of depression, anxiety, and stress tendency among medical students were high, and a more regular biological rhythm was associated with lower detection rates. Reasonable measures should be adopted to achieve comprehensive promotion of physical and mental health among medical college students.

We reviewed Chinese literature on overweight and obesity in children, which was published in Chinese Database (CNKI, Wanfang etc.) from 2013 to 2023, mainly focusing on the research hotspots and trends in this field. Overall, the prevalence of obesity among children in China was indicating an upward trend. The main risk factors of obesity were included as susceptible genes, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, family and social environments as well as physiological factors. Currently, interventions for childhood overweight and obesity mainly involve diet and exercise, along with multi-level comprehensive ones from families, hospitals, and communities. Discovering unknown factors associated with childhood obesity and exploring practical intervention measures to control it remain research hotspots in this field.

With economic development and the resultant lifestyle changes, the spectrum of nutritional disorders in preschool children has changed: obesity and deficiencies in vitamins and minerals are increasingly prevalent. In China, 86.2% of all kindergartens at the township level or above provide meals for children, but without proper nutritional allocation. This aspect may be closely associated with the occurrence of nutritional diseases in children. This review is aimed at summarizing the nutritional status among preschool children in various regions, and analyzing the supply of nutrition by kindergartens throughout the country.

Objective This study was aimed at analyzing serum alanine transaminase (ALT) data among newly enrolled students at a secondary vocational school during health check-ups, to provide a basis for schools to develop corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods A total of 7 047 first-year students enrolled at a secondary vocational school in 2017-2023 underwent health examinations. The detection results and trends in asymptomatic serum ALT elevation were analyzed. Results The rate of asymptomatic serum ALT elevation was 0.98%, and showed an increasing trend over the study years. The rate of elevated serum ALT was 1.90% in boys and 0.54% in girls, and showed a significant difference (P<0.05); significant differences were also observed in the rates of asymptomatic serum ALT elevation alone, and asymptomatic serum ALT elevation combined with fatty liver (P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of asymptomatic serum ALT elevation among first-year students at a vocational school increased each year, and rates differed between male and female students.

Objective This study investigated the current status of eye exercises among school-age children, including assessment of execution quality, identification of existing issues, and exploration of areas for improvement. Methods In June 2022, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to select 166 students in grades 2-5 at a primary school in Lucheng District, Wenzhou City. Two independent researchers using an eye exercise scoring sheet observed students’ behavior during eye exercises, and recorded observations including the standardization of eye exercise operations, rhythm, acupoint positions, and intensity effectiveness. Results The overall accuracy rate of students’ eye exercises was 64.12%, and the accuracy rates were lower for acupoint positions (50.67%) and intensity effectiveness (30.60%). The accuracy for locating and pressing the Si Bai was only 31.33%. Conclusions Students’ operational proficiency in eye exercises was generally low, and their performance in acupoint positions and intensity effectiveness was particularly insufficient. Provision of targeted guidance according to the characteristics of different acupoints is recommend to improve students’ operation level.

Objective This study was aimed at developing a mental health literacy questionnaire for college students, and testing its validity and reliability. Methods The structure of college students’ mental health literacy was analyzed, and a preliminary questionnaire was prepared. A total of 806 college students were selected for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability testing, and 83 were re-selected 1 week later. The validity of the criterion was tested with the attitude questionnaire and the Meaning of Life questionnaire in Chinese. Results The college students’ mental health literacy questionnaire contained 20 items, which were divided into four factors: self-help ability, professional help attitude, psychological stigma attitude, and helping belief. These factors explained 56.03% of the variance, and the load of the four factors ranged from 0.47 to 0.83. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor structure model fit well (χ2/df =2.85, CFI=0.90, TLI=0.88, RMSEA=0.068, SRMR=0.063). The criterion validity test indicated that the total mental health literacy score among college students positively correlated with the total score on the attitude questionnaire of seeking professional psychological help (P<0.01). The internal consistency reliability coefficients of the total questionnaire and four factors ranged from 0.775 to 0.864. The retest reliability ranged from 0.635 to 0.785. Conclusion The college students’ mental health literacy questionnaire had good validity and reliability.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye, and daily eye care behaviors among college students in order to aid prevention and care of dry eye in this population. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 723 college students selected by cluster sampling. The survey included personal characteristics, the OSDI scale, risk factors related to dry eye, and daily eye care behaviors. The chi square test, rank sum test, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results The prevalence of dry eye among the college students was 87.6% (630/719) with 42.6% prevalence of mild dry eye, 35.6% moderate, and 9.5% severe. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for dry eye included myopia (OR=2.574, 95%CI =1.456-4.4551), use of mobile phones before bedtime (OR=2.012, 95%CI =1.246-3.249), and feeling unhappy or depressed (OR=3.123, 95%CI =1.461-6.676). There was no significant difference in daily eye care behaviors between healthy students and those with dry eye, such as use of vitamin A supplements, hot applications to the eyes, performing ocular gymnastics, and using artificial tears. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of dry eye among college students, with myopia, use of mobile phones before bedtime, and unhappiness increasing the risk of developing the condition. College students rarely use proper eye-protection behaviors. It is necessary to strengthen their health education in the knowledge and prevention of dry eye.

Objective This study investigated the incidence of dysmenorrhea among female students at Dazhou Vocational College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, to understand the health status of students at the school, and to provide evidence for further prevention and treatment of dysmenorrhea. Methods From May 20, 2023, to June 20, 2023, a self-made questionnaire was distributed in the Dazhou Vocational College of Traditional Chinese Medicine students’ network group with Questionnaire Star software, to investigate the occurrence of dysmenorrhea among female students at the entire school. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 581 questionnaires were collected, of which 563 were valid, and 18 were invalid. Among the 563 female students surveyed, the incidence of menstrual disorders was 21.31%. The incidence of dysmenorrhea was 87.92%, whereas 12.08% did not have dysmenorrhea. Among students with dysmenorrhea, 82.22% had an uncertain dysmenorrhea type without examination, 14.14% had primary dysmenorrhea, and 3.64% had secondary dysmenorrhea. The degree of dysmenorrhea was categorized primarily as VAS 4 (21.31%). Statistics of the severity of dysmenorrhea were as follows: moderate, 58.38%; mild, 34.75%; and severe, 6.87%. Statistics of menstrual dysmenorrhea texture were as follows: more, 16.57%; less, 9.90%; and general, 73.53%. A comparison of students with versus without dysmenorrhea indicated 82 more students with dysmenorrhea, accounting for 16.57%, and 49 fewer students with menstruation, accounting for 9.90%; 364 students had normal menstruation, accounting for 73.53%. Among the students without dysmenorrhea, 3 had heavy menstruation, accounting for 4.41%, 6 had low menstruation, accounting for 8.82%, and 59 had normal menstruation, accounting for 86.76%. A significant difference in menstrual volume was observed between groups (χ2=7.31, P<0.05). Menstrual color statistics were as follows: dark red, 48.48%; bright red, 46.88%; black, 1.21%; brown, 2.42%; and other, 1.01%. No significant differences in menstrual color were observed (χ2=6.41, P>0.05). The proportion of menstrual texture in patients with dysmenorrhea was as follows: general, 48.8%; sticky, 22.2%; and lumpy, 28.8%. Significant differences in menstrual quality were observed between groups (χ2=7.62, P<0.05). Statistics of treatment plans for dysmenorrhea disease were as follows: 8.69% without treatment, 61.62% with physical therapy, 28.28% with drug therapy, and 1.41% with hospitalization. Conclusion Some students with dysmenorrhea experienced effects on normal life and study. Effective measures should be taken to prevent dysmenorrhea.

Objective To understand the current situation, related factors and influencing mechanism of phubbing behavior of college students, and to provide a scientific basis for early prevention and reduction of negative effects of phubbing behavior of college students. Methods A total of 957 university students at three universities in Jiangxi Province were selected through a convenience sampling method. The Phubbing behavior scale, the Acceptance of others scale, and the Chinese version of the stress perception scale were used for data collection. The moderated mediation model was tested with the PROCESS plugin in SPSS. Results The mean phubbing behavior score among university students was (27.86±5.58). Acceptance of others negatively correlated with perceived stress and phubbing behavior (r=-0.457, P<0.001; r=-0.396, P<0.001), whereas perceived stress positively correlated with phubbing behavior (r=0.339, P<0.001). The indirect effect of acceptance of others on phubbing behavior through perceived stress was significant, with a mediation effect value of -0.014 , accounting for 8.3% of the total effect. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that acceptance of others negatively predicted phubbing behavior (β=-0.150, P<0.001), and the interaction between acceptance of others and gender predicted phubbing behavior (β=0.141, P<0.001). Specifically, among individuals with a high acceptance of others, male university students showed lower levels of phubbing behavior than female university students. Conclusions Phubbing behavior among college students negatively affected physical and mental health development. Increasing acceptance of others, establishing good interpersonal relationships, and de-creasing stress perception aid in coping with and preventing this behavior.