Objective This study investigated the current status of fertility knowledge and fertility intention among 828 college students at six universities in Zhaoqing City, and explored the correlations and influencing factors between the two. Methods From March to May 2023, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 828 college students at six universities in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, with the Chinese version of the Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS-C), the self-made fertility intention questionnaire, and the Family Planning Change questionnaire, to understand their fertility knowledge and fertility intention, and to assess factors influencing fertility intention and their correlation with CFKS-C accuracy. Results The average accuracy of the CFKS-C was 56.32% (SD=22.05), and the rate of misunderstanding of the statement “a healthy lifestyle can make you fertile” was highest (82.85%). A total of 782 students (94.44%) were willing to have children, among whom 11.64% were willing to have children after the age of 30. Ordered multiple logistic regression indicated that the willingness of grade 3 students to have multiple children was 1.570 times that of grade 2 students (OR=0.637), and the willingness of male students to have multiple children was 1.623 times stronger than that of female students. College students with an annual family income of 100 000 to 200 000 yuan were less willing to have multiple children than those with an annual family income of 200 000 yuan or more. Stepwise regression results showed that being non-Cantonese, being a senior, and having low CFKS-C levelswere associated with greater likelihood of having children after 30 years of age (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall level of reproductive knowledge of college students in Zhaoqing City was not high, particularly regarding the misunderstanding of the effects of lifestyle on fertility. The addition of health education related to reproductive promotion in school sex education would aid in improving reproductive intention among college students, to decrease the occurrence of involuntary childlessness or smaller than expected birth plans in the future.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze sleep quality among medical students from China and other countries from 1994 to the present, to provide a reference for promoting research on sleep quality among Chinese medical students. Methods Relevant literature was retrieved from the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science core collection databases between January 1994 and April 2024. Scimago Graphica software was used to construct a collaborative network graph of the articles’ countries and authors. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to visualize research hotspots and evolutionary trends in the keywords of the included literature. Results A total of 412 Chinese articles and 759 English articles were included. The visualization results indicated that the number of published literatures has rapidly increased since 2018. China’s ranked third worldwide in the total number of articles (94 articles). “Medical students” “sleep quality” and “sleep disorders” were common high-frequency keywords in domestic and international research, whereas the foreign terms “sleep pattern” and “smartphone addiction” are the strongest citation bursts that have appeared internationally in the past three years. Conclusions In recent years, research on sleep quality among medical students has become a major topic of global concern. Further research on sleep medicine education in psychological and academic performance should be conducted, to improve sleep quality among medical students in China. Research trends should follow changes in sleep patterns and smartphone addiction among medical students.

Objective This study analyzed the regulatory mechanism of academic support perception between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 133 undergraduate nursing interns, who were investigated with a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Risk Perception Questionnaire for Nurses, the Transition Shock Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Students, and the Academic Support in the Practicum Scale. Results The total score of risk perception of nursing profession, transition shock, and academic support perception were 90.77±16.48, 47.22±7.14, and 161.39±31.44, respectively. Academic support perception had a moderating effect between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock (β=0.078, P=0.033). Simple slope analysis indicated that, under conditions of high and low academic support perception, the effect of risk perception of nursing profession on transition shock was statistically significant (β=0.508, P<0.001; β=0.296, P<0.001). Johnson-Neyman analysis revealed that the boundary value of the regulatory effect of academic support perception between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock was 106.91. Conclusions Academic support perception can regulate the relationship between risk perception of nursing profession and transition shock among undergraduate nursing interns. Our findings provide new insights for nursing educators.

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the family factors affecting school bullying among junior high school students, to provide a basis for the prevention of school bullying. Methods The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, Web of Science, and other databases were searched from inception to December 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, and extracted data according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After evaluation of the quality of the included literature with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale, quantitative analysis was conducted in CMA 3.3 software. Results A total of 26 studies were included, with a total sample size of 39 893. The seven family factors influencing middle school students’ bullying behavior in school were parenting style (positive parenting r=-0.164, P<0.05; negative parenting r=0.264, P<0.05), parental conflict (r=0.142, P<0.001), childhood maltreatment (r=0.275, P<0.001), family functioning (r=-0.163, P<0.05), family socioeconomic status (r=-0.076, P<0.05), parent-child attachment (r=-0.209, P<0.001), and parent-child conflict (r=0.230, P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses suggested the stability of the study results. Conclusion Bullying behavior among middle school students is closely associated with family dynamics: adolescents exposed to adverse family environments have elevated likelihood of engaging in bullying.

Objective This study was aimed at understanding the current status of overweight and obesity, as well as the associated factors such as dietary and lifestyle habits, among primary and secondary school students in an area of Tianjin, to provide a basis for the development of intervention measures for overweight and obesity among students in this area. Methods We collected overweight and obesity-related monitoring data from the National Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Program in an area of Tianjin, from 2019 to 2023, and analyzed the distribution characteristics and factors influencing overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students. Results A total of 7 789 students were included in the analysis. The overweight and obesity rate was 41.0%: 49.9% of boys and 31.3% of girls were affected, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=280.38, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated higher risk of overweight and obesity among students drinking sugar-sweetened beverages one or more times per day (OR=1.121, 95%CI: 1.063-1.194), eating fried food one or more times per day (OR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.013-1.183), or having a daily sleep time<8 hours (OR=1.770, 95%CI: 1.201-2.590), and lower risk of overweight and obesity among students exercising>60 min/d more than 2 days per week (OR=0.857, 95%CI: 0.822-0.915) or having two or more weekly physical education classes (OR=0.823, 95%CI: 0.771-0.873). Conclusions The overall overweight and obesity rate among students in the studied area of Tianjin was relatively high, and was associated with factors such as diet, sports, and lifestyle habits. Targeted intervention measures should be adopted to control the occurrence and development of overweight and obesity in students.

Objective This study was designed to analyze the dynamic characteristics and causes of accidental deaths among primary and secondary school students in Huizhou and provide reliable evidence for developing preventive strategies. Methods With the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) of V01-X59 series, a total of 1 206 cases were retrospectively enrolled from the Huizhou Statistical Bureau official data between 2015 and 2021. Results From 2015 to 2021, there were 1 206 deaths in Huizhou, with a mortality rate of 19.37/ 100 000. Among them, Compared with the primary school level, the accidental mortality rates at secondary school level were higher (14.93/ 100 000), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The main causes of accidental death were traffic accidents, drowning, and suicide, and the mortality rates of these causes were the highest at the secondary school level. Between 2015 and 2021, the mortality rates from traffic accidents showed an increasing trend, while the mortality rates from suicide and drowning showed a decreasing trend. Conclusions Secondary school students are a key population for preventing accidental deaths, especially those caused by traffic accidents. Moreover, different targeted intervention measures should be taken based on the characteristics of the primary and secondary school to reduce the occurrence of accidental death incidents.

Objective To quantify the impact of near-vision behaviors and vision environment among elementary students with electronic intelligent devices, and provide technical support for myopia prevention and control. Methods With a cluster sampling method, participants from an elementary school in Nantong city were selected to receive visual acuity test and refraction test, as well as a five-day monitoring of electronic intelligent devices (weekends included) during October to December 2023. The data on the prevalence of myopia in students, near-vision behaviors, outdoor exposure duration, and environmental light intensity were collected. The correlations of factors, such as genders, grades, and myopia status with both near-vision behaviors and vision environment were analyzed. Results The data were obtained from 343 students (91.5%) with electronic intelligent devices, including 167 myopic students (48.7%). The results revealed that the compliance rates of recommended maximum continuous near-work duration and the average outdoor exposure duration were 8.5% and 2.31%. The compliance rates of nighttime illumination were only 24.21%, while compliance rates of the average light intensity during the day were relatively high, reaching 94.52%. Data showed that only 50.14% of students could maintain a distance of 33 cm from their eyes to the books. Compared with female students, male students had shorter near-work time, longer near-work distance, and longer outdoor exposure time, with the significant differences (P<0.01). The differences in daylight and outdoor exposure duration in these grades were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the non-myopic students, there were better conditions in the some aspects, such as the maximum near-work duration (≥ 80 min), average daily duration (≥ 300 min), average near-work distance (≥ 33 cm), average light intensity (at night), and average effective outdoor exposure duration compared with the myopic students. All differences showed statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions The electronic intelligent devices can quantify the near-vision behaviors and vision environment in students. It also has powerful support for the guidance of students’ near-vision behaviors.

Objective The genotypes and composition ratio of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed, to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control measures, prenatal diagnosis, premarital examination, and genetic counseling for thalassemia. Methods Peripheral blood samples from 12 680 patients with thalassemia from April 2018 to December 2022 were examined. Three missing alpha-thalassemia genes were detected by cross-break polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR), and three non-missing alpha-thalassemia genes and 17 β-thalassemia genes were detected by PCR-reverse dot hybridization (PCR-RDB). Results Among the 12 680 samples, 3 499 (27.59%) indicated thalassemia gene carriage, with a total of 57 genotypes, of which 2 214 (17.46%) indicated thalassemia gene carriage, 1 215 (9.58%) indicated β-thalassemia gene carriage, and 70 (0.55%) indicated α-complex β-thalassemia gene carriage. Moreover, α-deletions were the most common among the 57 thalassemia genotypes (2 156 cases (61.62%)), and α-thalassemia medium --SEA/αα was the most common mutation type (1 622 cases (73.26%)). β-thalidomia βIVS-II-654/βN was the most important mutation type and was observed in 535 cases (44.03%). A total of 59 cases (3.37%) of α-thalassemia intermedia, three cases of β-thalassemia intermedia, and two cases of severe β-thalassemia were detected. Conclusions The thalassemia gene carriage rate in the population of Fujian was high, and showed genetic diversity and heterogeneity. Greater attention should be paid to thalassemia screening during pre-marital and pregnancy examinations.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting depression symptoms in middle school students and provide novel insights for preventing and controlling students’ depression with appropriate measures, the relationship of campus bullying and injury-related behaviors with depression symptoms were analyzed. Methods The 10 330 students from junior, senior and vocational high school (37 schools, 11 counties) in Jining City were enrolled, with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A questionnaire survey on injuries, campus bullying, and CES-D depression self-assessment was conducted. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis was used to analyze the relationships of injuries and campus bullying with depression among middle school students. Results The 232 (2.25%) students suffered campus bullying, 8 257 (79.93%) students had injury-related behaviors, and 1 292 (12.51%) students suffered depression symptoms. Among them, 52.16% of students being bullied and 32.65% of injured students had depression symptoms. After controlling for factors, such as gender, education level and household registration, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that experiencing campus bullying (OR=7.43, 95% CI: 5.61-9.83), suffering serious injuries (OR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.18-3.88), fighting with others (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 2.21-3.34), and being scolded or beaten by parents (OR=4.58, 95% CI: 3.87-5.41) were all positively relationship with the prevalence of developing depression symptoms. Conclusions Suffering from campus bullying, injuries, and being scolded or beaten by parents are related to the risk of depression symptoms among middle school students. Preventing campus bullying and injury-related behavior are particularly important for reducing the incidence of adolescent depression symptoms.

To enhance influenza prevention and control capabilities in schools, this consensus proposes a comprehensive strategy for influenza prevention and control in schools, based on domestic and international research and practices, encompassing the following key components: (1) General prevention strategy: Non-pharmaceutical interventions, including isolating sources of infection, strengthening hand hygiene, and ventilation can effectively reduce transmission in schools, requiring further implementation. (2) Vaccination campaign optimization: Annual influenza vaccination is the most cost-effective measures to protect students from influenza and severe complications, reducing school closures due to outbreaks, minimizing absenteeism, and parental work disruptions. Key strategies include policy requirements, safeguards, and advocacy to improve vaccination accessibility, and convenience for students, through optimized campus vaccination programs. (3) Addressing awareness gaps and prioritizing health campaign: Significant knowledge gaps on the threat of influenza and vaccine safety profiles are found among key stakeholders (parents, school healthcare providers, teachers, school administrators, and students), especially in rural and disadvantaged areas. Targeted health education focusing on differentiating influenza from common colds, vaccine efficacy, and daily protective measures is essential to enhance health literacy through multi-channel campaigns. (4) Strengthening organizational systems and multisectoral collaboration: School healthcare staffing should meet public health demands, with enhanced training for healthcare personnel. A collaborative framework involving schools, CDCs, and communities, health services is essential. Joint efforts by education, health, and CDC authorities are needed to formulate integrated plans, emphasizing surveillance, vaccination oversight, and building a “family-school-community-healthcare” system. (5) Policy support for influenza prevention: Comprehensive policy frameworks are critical to improving prevention efficacy in schools. (6) Contingency plan: Schools should establish emergency response plans to enforce daily health checks, symptom surveillance, ventilation, and disinfection, while standardizing management via the “two plans and nine systems” framework. This consensus emphasizes the importance of policy-driven vaccination campaigns, optimized organization and multi-dimensional health education to establish a scientific, efficient and school-based prevention system, reducing the burden of respiratory infectious diseases and safeguarding children and adolescents’ health and educational continuity.

Objective This study analyzed the loss coefficient and factors influencing vaccine loss in a multi-dose vaccine immunization program in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023, to understand the status of current vaccine loss. Methods Use and vaccination data for bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG), group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV-A), and diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine (DT) were collected from 17 vaccination clinics in Putuo District, Shanghai, during 2021-2023, and the loss coefficient was calculated. Results The total use of the three types of vaccines in multi-dose immunization programs in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023 was 75 696 doses, and the total loss coefficient was 1.77. The total loss coefficients for BCG, MPSV-A, and DT were 2.68, 2.35, and 1.26, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the multi-dose vaccine loss coefficient negatively correlated with the district/town classification of the vaccination clinic, the monthly vaccination amounts of the vaccination clinic, and the vaccine specifications (r=-0.138, P<0.001; r=-0.658, P<0.001; and r=-0.761, P<0.001), and positively correlated with the monthly number of vaccination days of the vaccination clinic ( r=0.220, P<0.001). Conclusions The loss coefficient for some multi-dose vaccines provided by immunization programs in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2021 to 2023 exceeded the national standard. Each vaccination unit is recommended to scientifically formulate a vaccine use plan, arrange for reasonable opening hours for vaccination clinics, and enable centralized vaccination appointments to decrease the loss of vaccines in multi-dose immunization programs.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the factors of general practice students’ employment at grassroots level, so as to provide a basis for the talents cultivation of general practice under the background of the “New Medicine”. Methods Questionnaire surveys and regression analysis were adopted to examine the factors of general practice students’ employment at grassroots level. Results Personal capability or qualifications (Coef.=-0.203, P<0.001) had a significant negative impact on general practice students’ employment at grassroots level. In contrast, support from personal life values (Coef.=0.120, P=0.079), national policies (Coef.=0.318, P<0.001), and family members or friends (Coef.=0.161, P=0.022) showed significant positive effects on students’ employment intentions. Conclusion In the cultivation of general practice talent, future efforts should focus on enhancing medical humanities education, integrating ideological and political education into the talent training of general practice, so as to address the critical issue of talent shortages in grassroots healthcare institutions.

Objective To investigate the distribution of overweight and obesity among college students in Nanchang, and to analyze the impact of unhealthy lifestyles on the risk of overweight and obesity. Methods From April to May 2024, college students from three universities in Nanchang were randomly surveyed by questionnaire. The distribution of overweight and obesity among college students was investigated. Both the χ2 tests and logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the impact of unhealthy lifestyles on overweight and obesity. Results A total of 19 790 students were enrolled, with 2 070 cases of overweight (10.46%) and 1 508 cases of obesity (7.62%). After adjusting for gender, grades, and school, we found that smoking was negatively correlated with overweight and obesity (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.58-0.71), and those who slept less than 5 hours/day (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 1.42-3.98) were positively correlated with overweight and obesity (P<0.05). In male students, those who slept either 5-8 hours/day or less than 5 hours/day had an increased risk of overweight and obesity (P<0.05), compared with those sleeping more than 8 hours/day. Junior students who sleep 5-8 hours/day and senior students who sleep less than 5 hours/day also showed an increased risk of overweight and obesity (P<0.05). Conclusions Smoking and insufficient sleep both have varying degrees of impact on the overweight and obesity among college students. To prevent and control overweight and obesity of universities should start with cultivating healthy lifestyles.

Objective This study investigated the positivity rate of hepatitis B virus serum markers in a healthy population in Zhumadian City from 2021 to 2023, and evaluated the immune effects of hepatitis B vaccine, to provide data to support improved immunization strategies and the elimination of viral hepatitis. Methods A multi-stage stratification sampling method was used. From 2021 to 2023, one or two district offices or towns each in one or two counties and districts in Zhumadian were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected from the resident population 1-79 years of age, and serum markers of hepatitis B were detected with ELISA and chemiluminescence for analysis of positivity rates. Results A total of 1 803 individuals were selected from Zhumadian City from 2021 to 2023, and 13 serotypes were detected, among which 3 cases (0.17%) were “Big Three Yang” (HBsAg, HBeAg and HBcAb positive), and 12 cases were “Minor Three Yang” (HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb positive), accounting for 0.67%.The positivity rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb were 1.50%, 70.88%, 0.17%, 3.22% and 16.69%, respectively. Conclusion The infection rate of hepatitis B in Zhumadian City is very low.

Objective This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of varicella (chickenpox) caused by varicella-zoster virus, and the effectiveness of varicella vaccine in Jiyang District, Jinan City, from 2014 to 2023. The protective effects of varicella vaccine were assessed to provide a scientific basis for optimizing varicella prevention and control measures, and to adjust varicella immunization strategies. Methods Data on chickenpox cases in Jiyang District from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and vaccination status was acquired from the Information Platform of the Shandong immunization program. Data were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results From 2014 to 2023, 563 cases of varicella were reported in Jiyang District. The incidence of varicella remained stable over the past 10 years, and the average annual reported incidence was 14.06 per 105. No statistically significant differences were observed in the annual incidence of varicella among seven towns/streets in Jiyang District(χ2=8.324, P=0.214). The incidence of chickenpox in children 4-6 years old showed a decreasing trend (χ2=17.201, P<0.001). The incidence of the disease in the 13-15 years old group showed fluctuations with no obvious trend, whereas that in the 16-18 years old group showed an increasing trend (χ2=18.252, P<0.001). Vaccination with VarV1 and VarV2 were the factors that decreased varicella incidence. The incidence of varicella was 14.38% in students who received VarV1 and 4.93% in students who received VarV2. Significant differences were observed between groups (χ2=18.022, P<0.001). The overall protective effect of varicella vaccination was 70.58%: that of VarV1 was 60.62%, and that of VarV2 was 87.83%. The coverage of VarV1 and VarV2 for childrenborn in 2012 or later showed an increasing trend, but the VarV2 coverage was lower than that of VarV1 (χ2=2 203.806, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that vaccination for more than 9 years increased the risk of varicella. Conclusions The incidence of chickenpox was stable from 2014 to 2023 in Jiyang District, Jinan City. In the next few years, attention should be paid to the incidence of chickenpox in the population 16-18 years of age, the sensitivity of surveillance of the epidemic chickenpox should be improved, the epidemic situation should be addressed in a timely manner, and vaccine publicity should be undertaken to increase the two-dose vaccination rate. Whether to carry out intensive vaccination for underage students in the high age group is worthy of further discussion.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and differences in body composition among children and adolescents aged 6-18 year with normal weight and obesity, and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and intervention of obesity. Methods From September to December 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 204 children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) from four schools in Beijing, with a stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and body mass were measured through physical examinations, and obesity was determined with the standard of “Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents (WS/T 586-2018)”. Their body composition was measured using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), and indicators including fat mass index (FMI), muscle mass index (MMI), fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMMR) were calculated. Generalized additive models for location scale, and shape (GAMLSS) were employed to fit percentile curves for indicators of body composition. The reference values of children and adolescents with normal weight and obesity by age and sex were obtained. Differences in body composition distributions between the two groups were then compared. Results A total of 1 204 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were enrolled. Children and adolescents with obesity had higher FMI, MMI, and FMMR than those with normal weight, particularly in the abdominal and trunk regions (P<0.001). FMI showed a trend of rising initially and then falling. Among children with normal weight, FMI gradually decreased after age 11, while that of FMI decreased after age 15 in children with obesity. MMI exhibited a “rapid growth phase” during puberty and the growth rate in the obese group was smaller than that in the normal weight group. FMMR in all regions initially showed a trend of rising and then declining around 10-12 years of age among children with normal weight, whereas in obese children, FMMR P50 in the abdomen, trunk, and hip regions failed to decline until age of 18. Conclusions There are differences in the distribution of body composition among children and adolescents with normal weight and obesity. Children and adolescents with obesity may experience increased fat accumulation in the abdominal and trunk regions, accompanied by slower muscle growth during puberty. These findings support the development of more precise obesity prevention and management strategies in pediatric populations. Further investigation into the underlying causes of abnormal fat distribution in obese children and adolescents are warranted to better inform targeted prevention and treatment efforts.

Objective An epidemiological investigation and analysis of the brucellosis epidemic caused by consuming fresh goat’s milk in Nanchang City in 2023 was conducted. The source of infection was determined, thus providing a scientific basis for the future management of such incidents. Methods Sources of confirmed cases of infection were screened. Epidemiological investigations were conducted on close contacts, and subsequent brucellosis testing was performed on the sheep herds of all patients’ close contacts and families, as well as cattle and sheep raised within 3-5 kms. Exposure factor analysis was conducted on all populations with a history of contact with livestock or animal products (mainly sheep’s milk). The results were analyzed and described. Results A total of 19 confirmed cases were identified in this epidemic, and two cases were implicitly infected individuals. The main clinical manifestations were fever (84.21%), excessive sweating (10.53%), fatigue (47.37%), muscle and joint pain (57.89%),and lumbago (15.79%). No statistically significant relationship was identified between fresh sheep’s milk dosage and disease onset (P>0.05). Conclusions The current outbreak of the epidemic was caused by infection from raw, fresh sheep’s milk. The source of infection might have been related to the imported source of the disease, hidden infections in sheep, and contact with infected sheep. To prevent future outbreaks it is essential to strengthen the quarantine management of sheep’s milk and other products, decrease the risk of brucellosis, increase awareness and education regarding brucellosis prevention and control, and curb increases in the brucellosis epidemic.

Objective This study was aimed at analyzing disseminated cases and outbreaks of foodborne diseases among students in Linyi City during 2018-2022, to reveal the epidemiological trends and main causative factors, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures. Methods This study comprehensively analyzed foodborne disease cases and outbreaks in Linyi City from 2018 to 2022, on the basis of data in the National Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System and Outbreak Surveillance System. The data processing performed in Excel 2021, and descriptive statistics analysis was performed in SPSS 29.0, including cases’ basic status, time distribution, types of suspected food exposure and outbreak sites. Results A total of 375 086 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Linyi City from 2018 to 2022, 28 258 of which were in students, accounting for 7.53%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.37∶1. Cases were concentrated in May to August, particularly in June. Fruits and their products, meat and meat products, and vegetables and their products were the main suspected food exposures. The main outbreak sites were homes, schools and school canteens. The causative factors were primarily unidentified, and biological factors and toxic plants were the main contributors, among the known factors. Conclusions Foodborne diseases among students in Linyi City showed clear seasonal characteristics. Most pathogenic factors remained unidentified, thus necessitating continued enhancement of pathogen detection and food safety inspection efforts. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made to strengthen food safety education, improve food handling and storage conditions, raise awareness regarding toxic plants, strengthen public health policies and regulations, and promote cross-sectoral cooperation.

为贯彻落实《健康中国行动（2019 —2030年）》关于中小学生健康促进的行动，推动新时期儿童青少年健康领域学术交流和学科发展，中华预防医学会儿少卫生分会拟于2025年8月中旬在江苏省徐州市召开第十七届全国儿童青少年健康学术会议。

Objective To analyze the correlations between bedtime procrastination and sleep duration with respect to sleep quality among medical students, and improve the students’ unhealthy sleep behaviors with practical measures. Methods Convenience sampling survey was conducted among students from a university in Xuzhou via the general situation questionnaire, morningness and eveningness questionnaire, sleep procrastination scale. Subsequently, data were pre-processed with Pearson correlation analysis to determine the correlations among various variables. A mediation model was established to determine the masking effect of sleep procrastination between sleep duration and sleep quality. Results Sleep procrastination was negatively associated with sleep duration (r=-0.348, P<0.001), while positively associated with poor sleep quality (r=0.364, P<0.001). Sleep procrastination plays a mask between sleep duration and sleep quality. Conclusion Contemporary medical students should improve unhealthy sleep behaviors, such as sleep procrastination, adjust the sleep duration to morningness, and then improve sleep quality.

Nutrition literacy encompasses the collection of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to acquire, comprehend, and process information and services of food nutrition that can be helpful for making food and nutrition decisions. It functions as a bridge connecting individuals, food, and the environment, and holds predictive value for dietary behaviors. Upon the previous studies, this review was undertaken to examine the association between nutrition literacy and dietary behaviors among school-aged children. The findings revealed that the overall nutrition literacy level among school-aged children was linked to healthy dietary behaviors, and enhancing specific facets of nutrition literacy could foster healthier food consumption patterns. Future research endeavors should delve deeper into the associations between various competencies and dietary behaviors, as well as the interplay between children’s nutrition literacy and health outcomes, to furnish scientific basis and clues for the intervention of children’s dietary behaviors and the improvement of children’s nutritional status based on nutrition education.

Objective This study was aimed at understanding knowledge regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among high school students in the Xunyang District of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, as well as related influencing factors, to provide data support for the establishment of a tuberculosis-free campus. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 2 224 high school first-year students from five schools in Xunyang District, Jiujiang City. A questionnaire covering core information for tuberculosis prevention and control was used, and the results were assessed with chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results In 2023, the total awareness rate regarding core tuberculosis prevention and control information was 82.77%. The full awareness rate regarding core information was 16.86%. The full awareness rate showed positive correlations with female students (P<0.05, OR=1.296, 95% CI: 1.032-1.629) and those who had received publicity materials and education (P<0.05, OR=1.825, 95% CI: 1.371-2.428). Tuberculosis information was obtained primarily through online (44.73%) and school lecture (41.52%) publicity. The expected routes for obtaining tuberculosis information were school lecture publicity (65.07%) and online publicity (18.72%). Conclusions Students’ knowledge of TB prevention and control is low in Xunyang District of Jiujiang City and has not reached 90% of the requirement for TB free communities. Low awareness rates were associated with male students, and a lack of publicity and education.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics of diseases diagnosed by gastroscopy in pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and to provide novel insights for clinical diagnosis and prevention of the diseases. Methods The gastroscopy results of 399 pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who received gastroscopy in our hospital from January 2022 to August 2023 were analyzed. Among them, 193 cases underwent 13C urea breath test. The 399 pediatric patients included were assigned to pre-school group, school-age group, and adolescence group. The abnormal detection rate of gastroscopy and the positive rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) were analyzed in these pediatric patients. Results The abnormal detection rate of gastroscopy in 399 pediatric patients was 79.9%, showing an increasing trend with age (χ2trend=27.227, P<0.001). A total of 16 types of lesions were detected, among which chronic non-atrophic gastritis accounted for the highest proportion (67.1%). The positive rate of Hp in 193 pediatric patients was 65.3%, which also increased with age (χ2trend=13.204, P<0.001). The abnormal detection rate of gastroscopy in Hp-positive pediatric patients was 88.0%. Conclusion Pediatric patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms show a high rate of abnormalities on gastroscopy, and should receive gastroscopy promptly to identify the disease types.

Objective To compare the physical development of children from only-child, two-child, and multi-child families, and investigate the correlation between sibling numbers and both physical development and nutritional status. Methods Data were obtained from physical examinations and questionnaire surveys of 55 631 children aged 7 to 17 in China. Covariance analysis was used to compare the differences of physical development indicators, such as height, weight, and waist circumference, among children from families with different numbers of siblings. Additionally, the correlations of different numbers of siblings with stunting, wasting, and obesity were analyzed using binary logistic regression model. Results Of the 55 631 children, 40 013 (71.93%) were from only-child families, 13 485 (24.24%) from two-child families, and 2 133 (3.83%) from families with multiple children. Statistically significant differences were observed in the prevalence of wasting, obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated waist-to-height ratio across family types (all P<0.001). Compared with children from only-child families, those from two-child families had lower odds ratios (95% CI) for obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated waist-to-height ratio, of 0.65 (0.58-0.73), 0.73 (0.67-0.80), and 0.81 (0.74-0.87), respectively; the odds ratios (95% CI) of wasting, obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated waist-to-height ratio in children from multi-child families were 0.57 (0.38-0.85), 0.56 (0.42-0.73), 0.60 (0.49-0.74), and 0.70 (0.59-0.84), respectively. Conclusions Children from two-child and multi-child families have lower wasting and obesity than those from only-child families. China’s multi-child policy may contribute to both increased births rates and healthier physical development in children.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease symptoms and the implementation of suspension measures in primary and secondary schools in a district of Beijing, and to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing campus infectious disease prevention strategies. Methods Between February 2023 and February 2025, data were collected from 4 186 primary and secondary school students in a district, Beijing, using a stratified random sampling method. Descriptive statistics and time series analysis were employed to examine the prevalence of symptoms across different categories, school levels, and seasons, as well as the school suspension metrics. Results Fever was the most frequently reported symptom (3 834 cases, 87.1%). Among all symptoms, school suspension measures related to herpes were the most stringent, with a weighted average suspension duration of 9.3 d and an implementation rate of 79.1%. Differences in suspension responses were observed across school levels: In primary schools, the suspension rate for fever cases was 60.5%, compared to 43.2% in secondary schools. For herpes cases, suspension rate reached 86.8% in primary schools, while secondary schools reported only 13 cases, yet related classes still maintained 10 d suspensions. Seasonally, autumn semester fever cases averaged 4.6 d suspensions, exceeding the 3.6 days observed in spring. Conclusions The predominant infectious disease symptom among primary and secondary school students is fever, with herpes posing notable seasonal risks. Primary schools emerged as key targets for prevention and control, while asymptomatic transmission in secondaryschools warrants heightened vigilance.