Objective To understand the sexual behavior characteristics before diagnosis of young student HIV-infected individuals transmitted through homosexual transmission in Shandong, and to explore the related characteristics of those with bisexual behavior, and to provide a basis for formulating targeted publicity and intervention measures. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select HIV-infected young students transmitted through homosexual transmission from 2021 to 2022 in Shandong as the research subjects. Their sexual behavior characteristics before diagnosis were investigated. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related characteristics of cases with bisexual behavior. Results A total of 180 cases were surveyed, of whom 12.2% had engaged in bisexual sexual behavior. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that compared with cases detected through outreach activities and voluntary blood donation, cases detected through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=0.131, 95%CI: 0.035-0.483) and medical institutions (OR=0.202, 95%CI: 0.051-0.796) had a lower proportion of engaging in bisexual behavior. Cases seeking homosexual partners through offline venues, such as parks/bars had a higher proportion of engaging in bisexual behavior (OR=8.176, 95%CI: 2.419-27.638) than those seeking homosexual partners online via the internet. Conclusion Targeted education and intervention measures should be strengthened for young students in bars, parks, and other offline places, to control the spread of HIV/AIDS among young students.

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of male homosexual transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among young students in Liaoning Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for reducing the risk of HIV infection among young students and formulating targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Through the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System", HIV/AIDS information of students aged 15-24 years for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2024 in Liaoning Province was collected. Epidemiological analyses were conducted on the male-to-male sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS among young male students, and the trend of change can be analyzed based on the Annual Percent Change (APC) and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). Results From 2015 to 2024, a total of 916 new cases of HIV/AIDS among male students aged 15-24 years through homosexual transmission were reported in Liaoning Province. The number of reported cases decreased overall each year (AAPC=-9.11%,P<0.001). The main reporting cities were Shenyang with 315 cases (34.4%) and Dalian with 304 cases (33.2%). The majority of these cases were aged 19-24 (718 cases, 78.4%), Han ethnicity (756 cases, 82.5%) and associate degree or above (772 cases, 84.3%). With the increase in years, the proportion of cases in the 15-<19 ages group showed an upward trend (χ2trend=5.836, Ptrend=0.016; AAPC=5.54%, P=0.062). The proportion of patients with four or more same-sex sexual partners showed a monotonically decreasing trend (χ2trend=27.249, Ptrend<0.001; AAPC=-8.73%, P=0.013). The proportion of cases detected through testing and counseling showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2017 (APC=25.74%, P<0.01), but a downward trend from 2017 to 2021 (APC=-16.70%, P<0.001). The proportion of patients from Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinics showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2017 (APC=-30.09%, P<0.001), but an upward trend from 2017 to 2020 (APC=44.43%, P<0.001). The proportion of patients from other medical visits (AAPC=13.19%, P<0.01) and other sources (AAPC=-10.28%, P<0.01) showed a monotonically increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. Conclusions From 2015 to 2024, the reported cases of HIV/AIDS transmitted through male-to-male sexual contact among young students in Liaoning Province showed a general decline, and the composition characteristics changed. The proportion of young students in the younger age group increased, indicating that further efforts are needed to strengthen health education on AIDS prevention for young students of this age group. The proportion of HIV/AIDS detected in patients visiting STD clinics and other medical institutions increased, suggesting that the detection efforts in key medical institutions such as STD clinics should be strengthened. At the same time, it is necessary to pay closer attention to changes in the source of samples and make targeted adjustments to the key areas of AIDS prevention and control.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing HIV-related knowledge awareness and casual sexual behaviors among young students in Chongqing from 2020 to 2024 based on the sentinel surveillance data, and to provide a reference for formulating the HIV prevention and control measures for young students in Chongqing. Methods Continuous cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2020 to 2024.A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select young students in Chongqing for anonymous questionnaire surveys, collecting socio-demographic information, HIV knowledge, and sexual behavior data. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify influencing factors associated with casual sexual behaviors. Results A total of 10 410 participants were surveyed from 2020 to 2024.The majority were young students aged 20-24 years, registered locally, and of Han ethnicity. Approximately 40% of the surveyed subjects were freshmen each year. The sample was primarily composed of undergraduates and postsecondary specialized college students. The awareness rate of HIV-related knowledge among young students ranged from 91.9% to 97.1% during the study period. The proportion of students engaging in casual sexual behaviors in the past year decreased from 18.4% in 2020 to 13.0% in 2024.Multivariate analysis showed that, compared to male students, females were less likely to engage in casual sexual behaviors (aOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.21-0.42). Compared to the 22-year-old and above age group, students aged 18-<22 years had a lower risk of engaging in casual sexual behaviors (aOR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.27-0.63; aOR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.37-0.77). Students with HIV-related knowledge had a lower risk of engaging in casual sexual behaviors (aOR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.21-0.50). Compared to freshmen, students in other grades were more likely to use condoms during casual sexual behaviors (aOR=2.87, 95%CI: 1.32-6.47). Students with HIV knowledge were more likely to use condoms compared to those without (aOR=3.45, 95%CI: 1.35-8.62). Conclusions The overall awareness rates of HIV-related knowledge among young students in Chongqing remain relatively high from 2020 to 2024, but the HIV-related knowledge structure is uneven. The incidence of casual sexual behaviors reveal no significant decline, and gaps in condom use persist. Male gender, aged 22 years and above, and lack of HIV knowledge are the risk factors for engaging in casual sexual behaviors. Freshmen and students lacking HIV knowledge are more likely to engage in unprotected casual sexual behaviors. It is recommended to strengthen behavioral interventions for key populations such as male students and freshmen, and to improve educational approaches to facilitate the translation of protective knowledge into practice.

Objective To analyze sexual behavior characteristics, HIV prevention knowledge acquisition, and HIV testing status among college students in Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, and explore the influencing factors of HIV testing among those with sexual behavior, and to provide a scientific basis for locally formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted among students at three universities in Jiamusi City using a convenience sampling method between May and July 2023.The survey covers students’ demographic information, sexual behavior characteristics, acquisition of AIDS prevention knowledge, and HIV testing status. Descriptive analyses were performed with medians and interquartile ranges, frequencies, and proportions. Differences among groups were assessed using the chi-square test, and the influencing factors of HIV testing among those with sexual behaviors were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. Results A total of 17 368 valid questionnaires were included. Among them, 10.14% of students reported a history of sexual behaviors, and the overall AIDS knowledge awareness rate was 90.43%. Among the 1 761 students who self-reported a history of sexual behaviors, 26.40% had engaged in unsafe sexual behaviors in the past year. The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was 88.98%. The proportion of those who received HIV testing in the past year was 36.17%. Multivariate analysis revealed that among students with sexual behaviors, male students had an adjusted OR of 1.56 (95%CI: 1.23-1.96) for receiving HIV testing within the past year compared with female students. Compared to third-year students and above, first- and second-year students had ORs of 1.67 (95%CI: 1.29-2.17) and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.02-1.76), respectively, for receiving HIV testing within the past year. Compared with those who had engaged in unsafe sexual behaviors in the past year, those who did not had an OR of 1.58 (95%CI: 1.25-2.01) for receiving HIV testing in the past year. Compared with those who did not consider AIDS frightening, those who considered AIDS frightening had an OR of 2.22 (95%CI: 1.80-2.75) for receiving HIV testing in the past year. Compared with those who did not perceive themselves at risk of infection, those who self-assessed as at risk had an OR of 2.61 (95%CI: 1.94-3.51) for receiving HIV testing in the past year. Conclusions College students in Jiamusi had a relatively high level of HIV knowledge awareness and HIV testing acceptance. However, the proportion of unsafe sexual behaviors remains prevalent. It is recommended to strengthen targeted interventions for high-risk subgroups, enhance risk perception, and promote regular testing among high-risk populations.

Objective To understand the status of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Baoshan and analyze its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of spinal curvature abnormalities. Methods From October to November 2022, a cluster sampling method was adopted to select 7 816 primary and secondary school students from 27 schools in five counties (cities, districts) of Baoshan for spinal scoliosis examination and completion of relevant questionnaire surveys. Results A total of 251 cases of spinal curvature abnormalities were detected, with an abnormality detection rate of 3.21%, mainly dominated by poor spinal posture (202 cases, 2.58%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that daily long indoor sedentary time in the past week (OR=1.287, 95%CI=1.112-1.490), parents not limiting time spent watching TV, playing computers, or video games (OR=1.418, 95%CI=1.072-1.875), average daily use of mobile electronic devices in the past week (OR=1.445, 95%CI=1.091-1.913), and severe wear on the soles of both shoes (OR=1.316, 95%CI=1.087-1.595) were risk factors for spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students. Both parents reminding to pay attention to reading and writing postures (OR=0.634, 95%CI=0.484-0.829) and not boarding at school (OR=0.650, 95%CI=0.479-0.882) were protective factors. Conclusions Spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in Baoshan are mostly dominated by poor spinal posture, and their occurrence and development are closely related to reading and writing postures, reminders from parents and teachers, exercise habits, habits of carrying schoolbags, etc. Prevention and control efforts for spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students should actively control influencing factors. Relevant government departments and health departments should fully collaborate with schools, students, and parents in preventive work to reduce the occurrence of spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and secondary school students.

Objective To explore the characteristics and patterns of school public health emergencies in Yangzhou, and to provide data support for formulating comprehensive prevention and control strategies for public health emergencies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to collect and analyze the public health emergencies reported by schools in Yangzhou from 2014 to 2023.Data were sourced from the "Public Health Emergency Reporting and Management System" module in the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The χ2 test was used to compare the indidence, and Joinpoint software was used to analyze the annual percentage change of event incidence. Results From 2014 to 2023, a total of 166 school public health emergencies were reported in Yangzhou, with 8 058 cases reported, and the overall incidence was 2.47%. The monthly distribution of public health emergencies reported by schools from 2014 to 2023 showed an overall bimodal pattern, peaking in March and December, respectively. The events reported in March were mainly influenza, while those reported in December were mainly chickenpox and influenza. The region with the highest number of reported school public health emergencies was the Yangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone (35 cases, 21.08%), and the type of school with the highest number of reported events was primary schools (100 cases, 60.24%). Conclusions Respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases are important causes of public health emergencies in schools in Yangzhou. Special attention should be paid to students’health protection and daily monitoring during the high-incidence seasons of respiratory infectious diseases, such as chickenpox and influenza, as well as intestinal infectious diseases, such as norovirus infection-induced diarrhea.

Objective To explore the application effectiveness of simulation skills teaching in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training for college freshmen, and to provide the reference basis for improving the effectiveness of CPR training in college students. Methods A total of 50 classes of freshmen enrolled in 2022 at a university in Xuzhou were selected through random cluster sampling and randomly assigned by class to an intervention group (n=662, 25 classes) and a control group (n=656, 25 classes). The intervention group received CPR knowledge training based on simulation-based skill methods, while the control group received lecture-based centralized teaching methods. Questionnaires assessing CPR knowledge were administered before and after the intervention. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Results Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in CPR knowledge between the intervention and control groups (P> 0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant improvements in theoretical knowledge of chest compression, proficiency in Automated External Defibrillator (AED) use, and total CPR knowledge scores (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher scores in theoretical knowledge of chest compression (1.12±0.99 points) and total CPR knowledge (3.16±1.93 points) compared to the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusions Simulation skills teaching enhances trainees’ theoretical knowledge of chest compression and overall CPR knowledge.

Objective To understand the awareness and vaccination intentions regarding the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine among college students in China from 2014 to 2024, and to provide a basis for targeted measures to reduce the disease burden of cervical cancer. Methods A systematic search was conducted on academic resource platforms, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Journal Network, Supranet E-books, and PubMed from 2014 to 2024 to collect research literature on HPV vaccine awareness and vaccination intentions among college students. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software based on the data of the eligible studies. Results A total of 18 studies meeting the criteria were included in this study, including 18 articles on HPV vaccine awareness and 17 articles on HPV vaccination intentions. The Meta-analysis results showed that the combined awareness rate of the HPV vaccine was 48% (95%CI: 38% - 59%), and the combined vaccination intention rate was 57% (95%CI: 47% - 68%). Conclusions The current college student population in China exhibits a relatively low level of awareness regarding HPV vaccines but a relatively high vaccination intention. It is recommended to systematically advance HPV prevention and control efforts in colleges and universities from four aspects: health education, service optimization, policy support, and gender perspectives.

Under the background of new medical science construction, the "Preventive Medicine" course for clinical medicine student needs to align with the requirements of the "Healthy China" initiative and organically integrate ideological and political education with professional education. Taking the "Preventive Medicine" course for clinical medicine students at Anhui Medical University as an example, this study investigates existing issues such as superficial integration of ideological and political education, inadequate evaluation systems, and insufficient ideological and political competence among teachers. Based on the talent cultivation objectives of new medical education, this research team proposes reform strategies from multiple dimensions, including restructuring teaching content, constructing resource systems, improving evaluation mechanisms, and enhancing faculty development. By combining online and offline approaches, the teaching design has been reorganized, and the effectiveness of the reforms has been validated through practice. The results of this study indicate that a systematic ideological and political education system can effectively enhance medical students’ critical thinking and scientific spirit.

Objective To analyze and explore the impact of family environment on health literacy of primary school students, and to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies and measures for primary school students’ health literacy from the perspective of family environmental factors. Methods From January to March 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted with convenience sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted to all third-grade (1 017 students, 53.25%) and fifth-grade (893 students, 46.75%) students from four primary schools in Guangzhou. The questionnaire mainly included students’ basic information (e.g., gender, age), health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and family environment. Multivariate log-binomial regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of family environment on health literacy of primary school students. Results A total of 1 910 primary school students in Guangzhou were surveyed, and the possession rate of health literacy among primary school students was 23.77%. Multivariate log-binomial regression analysis showed that: the possession rate of health literacy among primary school students whose fathers had a bachelor’s degree and above was higher than that among those whose fathers had a junior high school education and below (PR=2.882, 95%CI: 1.563-5.496). The possession rates of health literacy among primary school students with moderate (PR=0.618, 95%CI: 0.450-0.843) and severe (PR=0.444, 95%CI: 0.262-0.725) family dysfunction were lower than that among those with good family function. Conclusions The possession rate of health literacy among primary school students in Guangzhou needs to be improved. In the family environment, father’s education level and family function are the main factors influencing health literacy of primary school students. It is recommended to design intervention measures focusing on strengthening fathers’ engagement in health education and optimizing family function to improve the health literacy level of primary school students.

The 2023 Blue Book of China’s Mental Health reveals a trend towards younger age populations in mental health issues in China, with a depression detection rate of 40% among senior high school students. The increasing prominence of mental health problems poses significant challenges to mental health education for this targeted population. This paper focuses on the lack of a tripartite collaborative mechanism among schools, medical institutions, and families by proposing a "School-Medicine-Family" Collaborative Service Model, which may integrate the professional resources of schools, medical expertise, and the emotional support of families. The aim is to establish a comprehensive closed-loop management system covering prevention, identification, intervention, referral, and rehabilitation, thereby providing a novel pathway for enhancing mental health services for senior high school students.

Objective To investigate the current situation of poor vision among preschool children in a certain kindergarten in Beijing, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods From September 2022 to September 2023, a cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 120 preschool children from the Second Kindergarten of Beijing for vision screening. The occurrence of poor vision was recorded, and a logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of poor vision. Results Among the 1 120 survey subjects, 152 (13.57%) had poor vision, including 113 (74.34%) with myopia, 26 (17.11%) with astigmatism, and 13 (8.55%) with hyperopia. Logistic regression analysis showed that preschool children with the following characteristics had a higher risk of poor vision detecion: birth weight＜2 500 g (OR=3.219, 95%CI: 2.432-4.260), parental myopia (OR=4.293, 95%CI: 2.509-7.345), outdoor activity time≤2 h/d (OR=1.842, 95%CI: 1.255-2.705), TV watching time > 2 h/d (OR=3.376, 95%CI: 2.259-5.045), electronic product exposure time≥1 h/d (OR=2.983, 95%CI: 1.987-4.476), sleep duration <10 h/d (OR=2.487, 95%CI: 1.504-4.111), and occasional (OR=3.532, 95%CI: 2.047-6.095) or frequent (OR=5.868, 95%CI: 3.002-11.469) reading distance <33 cm. Conclusion The detection rate of poor vision among preschool children is relatively high, and measures should be taken to intervene in unhealthy eye-use behaviors.

Objective To explore the correlations between PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and lung function in primary school students, and to provide a scientific basis for air-pollution prevention and control among children. Methods From 2016 to 2018, during autumn and winter, 467 primary school students were randomly selected from a school in Xuzhou. A mixed effect model was applied to analyze the correlations between PM2.5 or PM10 concentrations and lung function indicators among primary school students, including the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow rates at 75% of exhaled FVC (FEF75), and forced expiratory flow rates at 25% of exhaled FVC (FEF25). Results The greatest impact on lung function was observed during lag 0-30. With the increase of PM10 by 10μg/m3, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF75 and FEF25 decreased by 14.16 mL (95%CI: -21.99, -6.33), 30.36 mL (95%CI: -39.03, -21.69), 79.38 mL/s (95%CI: -101.16, -57.6), 36.89 mL/s (95%CI: -48.2, -25.58) and 86.95 mL/s (95%CI: -109.63, -64.26),respectively. With the increase of PM2.5 by 10 μg/m3, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF75 and FEF25 decreased by 27.21 mL (95%CI: -41.19, -13.23), 63.59 mL (95%CI: -78.97, -48.2), 178.51 mL/s (95%CI: -217.78, -139.25), 79.87 mL/s (95%CI: -99.91, -59.84) and 194.83 mL/s (95%CI: -235.6, -154.05), respectively. For PM2.5 increased by 10μg/m3, FEF25 decreased by 218.92 mL/s in boys, which was higher than that in girls (P <0.05). Conclusions The longer the exposure to PM2.5 or PM10, the greater adverse effects on lung function in primary school students. This suggests the importance of sustained protection against medium-term cumulative exposure to outdoor air pollution for primary school students during the pollution period.