Objective To explore the pathways of how sports participation influences the psychological structure of social adaptation in 16 non-professional adolescent athletes, based on the social adaptation theory framework proposed by Chen Jianwen and Wang Tao. Methods Qualitative data were collected and analyzed through interviews with 16 non-professional adolescent athletes aged 13-18 who met the criteria for sports participation. Results The study found that: (1) Overall, sports participation had the most significant impact on the interviewees’ “psychological energy” dimension and the least impact on “psychological superiority”. (2) In terms of components in each dimension, sports participation effectively promoted the interviewees’ “motivation” “competence”, and “cooperativeness”. (3) The specific pathways of how sports participation influenced “motivation” included enhancing the drive for self-improvement, leading to persistent behavior, and increasing self-discipline or goal orientation, leading to goal-directed behaviors. (4) The specific pathways of how sports participation influenced “competence” in the cognition of and resilience to stress, and cultivating rational thinking abilities, generating strategies to deal with external stimuli. (5) The specific pathways of how sports participation influenced “cooperativeness” of helping interviewees master interpersonal skills for enabling them to interact well with others, and helping them understand the value of cooperation, discover the enjoyment of cooperation, and develop a preference for working with others. Conclusions Sports participation can influence interviewees’ social adaptation through multiple psychological structures, such as “psychological energy” “interpersonal adaptability” “psychological resilience” and “psychological superiority”. It may effectively enhance the interviewees’ “motivation” “competence” and “cooperativeness”.

Objective To compare the intervention effects of expressive drawing courses and traditional mental health education courses in alleviating depressive symptoms and enhancing self-acceptance levels among college freshmen. Methods Using a cluster randomized controlled trial design, 16 administrative classes of first-year undergraduate students at a university were randomly divided into an experimental group (8 classes, n=280) and a control group (8 classes, n=272). The experimental group received a 12-week expressive drawing course, while the control group continued with the traditional mental health education courses. The primary outcome measures were the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores and the Self-Acceptance Questionnaire (SAQ) scores, assessed at baseline and the 12th week post-intervention. Independent samples t-tests were used for baseline homogeneity comparisons. Mixed-design analysis of variance was employed to examine the interaction effects of group and measurement time on SDS and SAQ scores to evaluate the intervention effects. Results No statistically significant differences were found in demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms between the experimental and control groups (all P>0.05). However, the self-acceptance level in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (35.73±4.68 vs 37.36±4.44, t=-4.190, P<0.001). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant interaction effects of group and time on both SDS and SAQ scores (both P<0.05). Simple effect analysis indicated that the experimental group exhibited a significant decrease in SDS scores (ΔM=-4.40, ηp2=0.092) and a significant increase in SAQ scores (ΔM=3.45, ηp2=0.161), whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions Expressive drawing can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms and enhance self-acceptance levels among college freshmen.

Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among primary and secondary school students in China. As the primary settings for students’ learning and daily life, schools are crucial for preventing their mental health. This article examines how to apply the clinically evidence-based intervention—group Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) to mental health education in primary and secondary schools after systematic educational transformation. The conclusion emphasizes that, while preserving MBCT’s core mechanisms, it is essential to complete the remodeling of implementers’ roles, modular adjustment of curriculum formats, enhancement of group interaction, contextualized construction of home practice, and shifting outcome evaluation toward educational objectives. These recommendations aim to support standardized and scaled applications in schools, thereby effectively improving students’ psychological resilience and health levels.

Objective To investigate the associations between dietary behaviors, physical activity, and depression symptoms among middle school students in Yunnan, and to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted intervention strategies to reduce depression symptoms through improved dietary and physical activity behaviors. Methods From September to December 2023, a total of 4 172 students were enrolled from 8 counties (districts) across 4 prefectures (cities) in Yunnan Province with stratified random cluster sampling methods. Basic information, dietary behaviors, physical activity frequency of middle school students were collected. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Chi-square tests, trend chi-square analysis, and logistic regression were employed to examine the associations between depression symptoms and dietary behaviors/physical activities. Results The self-reported detection rate of depression symptoms was 29.5%, with significantly higher rates in girls (35.0%) than in boys (23.2%), in senior high school students (33.4%) than in junior high school students (26.3%), and boarding students (30.4%) than in non-boarding students (26.3%) (all P<0.05). The increased frequency of intake of sugary beverages and fried foods was associated with the rise of depressive symptoms (both P<0.05). Increased intake frequency of dairy products, fresh fruits, vegetables and breakfast, and increased frequency of physical education classes and moderate to vigorous physical activities were associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the following factors increased the risk of depression symptoms: high-frequency sugary beverage intake, low-or moderate-frequency vegetable intake, non-intake of dairy products, skipping breakfast or low-frequency breakfast intake (all P<0.05). No physical education classes as well as no-moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were significantly associated with increased risk of depression symptoms (both P<0.05). Conclusions Depression symptoms are associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors and reduced physical activities. It is recommended to implement a comprehensive intervention model involving“individual-parent-school”collaboration model to promote the development of healthy behaviors and to enhance their psychological well-being among middle school students.

Objective To assess the intervention effectiveness of students’ nutrition health education in grades 2-4 in a primary school in Fuqing, aiming to enhance their nutritional knowledge, promote the formation of healthy dietary behaviors, and to provide a reference for effective nutrition health education patterns. Methods In 2024, a total of 460 students in grades 2 to 4 from a primary school in Fuqing City were selected as the research subjects, with a random cluster sampling method. Based on whether they received the intervention and the frequency of intervention, the students were divided into an intervention group (n=306; low-frequency subgroup: 152 students, high-frequency subgroup: 154 students) and a control group (n=154). Students’ nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and dietary behaviors before and after the intervention were collected through the completed questionnaires. The intervention group received nutritional health education for one semester, with the low-frequency subgroup having one session every two weeks and the high-frequency subgroup having one session weekly, while the control group followed the original curriculum. The effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the questionnaire scores before and after the intervention. Results After the nutritional health education, the awareness rate of nutritional knowledge, the approval rate of nutritional attitudes, and the incidence rate of healthy dietary behaviors were higher in both the low-frequency and high-frequency intervention groups compared to the control group. After the nutritional health education, the nutritional knowledge scores in the control group, low-frequency intervention group, and high-frequency intervention group were (7.61 ± 2.15) points, (9.32 ± 2.29) points, and (10.38 ± 2.70) points, respectively, with statistically significant differences(P<0.001). The nutritional knowledge scores in the low-frequency intervention group after the intervention were 1.89 points higher than those before the intervention (P<0.05), while the nutritional knowledge scores in the high-frequency intervention group after the intervention were 3.03 points higher than those before the intervention (P<0.05). After the intervention, the nutrition knowledge scores in the high-frequency intervention group were 2.77 points and 1.06 points higher than those in the control group and the low-frequency intervention group, respectively (P<0.05). The nutritional attitude scores in the control group, low-frequency intervention group, and high-frequency intervention group were (7.15 ± 1.46) points, (7.73 ± 1.53) points, and (8.25 ± 1.35) points, respectively, with statistically significant differences(P<0.001). The nutritional attitude scores in the low-frequency intervention group after the intervention were 0.68 points higher than those before the intervention (P<0.05). The nutritional attitude scores in the high-frequency intervention group after the intervention were 1.25 points higher than those before the intervention (P<0.05). After intervention, the nutritional attitude scores in the high-frequency intervention group were 1.10 points and 0.52 points higher than those in the control group and the low-frequency intervention group, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Nutritional health education can effectively improve primary school students’ nutritional knowledge levels, attitudes, and dietary behaviors, with higher intervention frequencies yielding better outcomes.

Objective To investigate the consumption of different types of Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs) among primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District, analyze the frequency distribution and influencing factors of different types of SSBs’ consumption, and to provide a reference for relevant policy-making and sustainable development of children and adolescents’ health promotion work in the region. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select participants. From March to June 2024, the paper-based questionnaire surveys were conducted among students from 3 primary schools and 3 secondary schools in Qingpu District to investigate their knowledge about SSBs, the consumption frequency of different types of SSBs, and influencing factors. Chi-square tests or rank-sum tests were used to analyze the frequency distribution of SSBs’consumption, and linear regression was applied to analyze the influence of various factors on SSB consumption frequency. Results Among ten different types of SSBs, based on consumption frequency of ≥1 timesweek and≥4 times/week, the highest proportion of consumers was milk-containing beverages (35.18%, 11.73%). Drinking SSBs because of thirst or hunger, drinking SSBs because one simply wants to, frequently having SSBs stocked at home, and most peers consuming SSBs were positively correlated with SSB consumption frequency (all P<0.05). Conclusions Among primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District, dairy-based beverages have the highest proportion of consumers. Various influencing factors, including personal willingness, peers, and family environment, may be associated with the frequency of SSB consumption.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of Internet addiction among secondary school students using interpretable machine learning methods, and to provide a basis for targeted intervention in the Internet-addicted population. Methods In October 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 11 213 secondary school students in Nanjing, covering their internet use, dietary and physical activity behaviours, injury-related behaviours, and mental health status. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection. A model was constructed based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was applied for interpretation. Results The detection rate of Internet addiction among secondary school students in Nanjing was 2.36%. Depressive symptoms, low physical activity, low self-esteem, exposure to school bullying, and smoking behavior were identified as characteristic factors. The XGBoost model constructed based on these characteristic factors achieved area under the curve values of 0.760 and 0.762 in the training and validation sets, respectively. SHAP values revealed that depressive symptoms, low physical activity, exposure to school bullying, and smoking behavior contributed positively to Internet addiction risk, while low self-esteem contributed negatively. Conclusions The XGBoost model, combined with the SHAP method reveal the influencing factors of Internet addiction. Secondary school students with depressive symptoms, low physical activity, exposure to school bullying, and smoking behavior are more susceptible to Internet addiction.

Objective To explore the association between physical activity patterns, total volume of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), and depressive symptoms among college students, and to identify the optimal physical activity duration for symptom improvement, and to provide a basis for exercise interventions targeting mental health in college students. Methods Using random clustered sampling, 3 262 college students aged 18-22 from 8 universities in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Hubei provinces were selected as the study subjects from March to June 2025. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to assess physical activity levels and patterns (regular exercisers, weekend warriors, and insufficiently active). Depressive symptoms were screened using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Combining physical examination data (height, weight, BMI) and questionnaire data (IPAQ-SF, CES-D), statistical methods including the chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to examine the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Results Among college students, the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 32.0%, while the physical activity compliance rate was only 29.2%. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the insufficiently active group, both the regular exercisers (OR=0.669, 95%CI: 0.559-0.801, P<0.001) and the weekend warriors (OR=0.669, 95%CI: 0.451-0.992, P=0.045) had significantly lower risks of depression. Compared to the low physical activity level, those with moderate (OR=0.856, 95%CI 0.730-0.999, P=0.044) and high (OR=0.484, 95%CI: 0.364-0.644, P<0.001) levels had significantly lower risks of depression. Compared to those with irregular moderate-to-vigorous activity, those with regular activity (OR=0.771, 95%CI: 0.664-0.895, P<0.001) had a significantly lower risk of depression. Compared to those not meeting MVPA guidelines, those meeting the guidelines (OR=0.678, 95%CI: 0.570-0.806, P<0.001) had a significantly lower risk of depression. The total volume of MVPA showed a non-linear negative association with depressive symptoms (P<0.01), with 66.63 min/week as the inflection point for a protective effect. Conclusions Achieving recommended physical activity levels has a protective effect against depressive symptoms in college students. The weekend warrior pattern yields equivalent efficacy to the regular exercise pattern. Achieving 66.63 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous activity can serve as a foundational starting dose for exercise interventions in university students.

Objective To understand the knowledge awareness of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) among college students in the Xiangxi region and analyze its influencing factors, and to provide a basis for conducting health education in colleges and universities. Methods In September 2025, 1 270 college students from two universities in the Xiangxi region were selected using a stratified cluster sampling method for a questionnaire survey. The survey included general information, participation in school-based COPD health education courses or publicity, and COPD-related knowledge. The chi-square test was used to compare the intergroup differences in the awareness rate of COPD knowledge among college students with different characteristics. The influencing factors of college students’ awareness of COPD knowledge were explored through binary logistic regression analysis. Results The awareness rate of COPD knowledge among college students in Xiangxi was 63.78%. Multivariate analysis showed that participating in school-based COPD-related education courses or publicity (OR=2.69, 95%CI: 2.02-3.56)， majoring in medicine or pharmacy (OR=2.57,95%CI: 1.90-3.48)， and having a higher educational level (OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.35-2.51) were positively associated with the awareness rate of COPD knowledge among college students in the Xiangxi region. Conclusions The awareness rate of COPD knowledge among college students in the Xiangxi region needs further improvement. Colleges and universities should make full use of medical educational resources to promote targeted COPD health education, aiming to effectively prevent the occurrence of COPD.

Objective To investigate the current status of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) tendencies and levels of perfectionism among college students, and analyze the correlations between the two variables, and to provide a basis for the prevention of BED. Methods From November 2024 to February 2025, a total of 496 college students were surveyed for assessing students’ BED tendencies and perfectionism levels, respectively, using the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (CFMPS) via snowball sampling. T-tests, analysis of variance, and multiple comparisons were employed to explore differences between groups. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was conducted to further examine the impact of perfectionism levels on BED tendencies. Results A total of 127 (25.6%) students showed BED tendencies, and 382 (77.0%) students exhibited perfectionism. As the levels of perfectionism increased, the BED tendencies became more severe. Female students and those living in townships for a long time showed higher BED tendencies (P<0.05). The total CFMPS score, frequency of weighing, and BMI were positively correlated with the total BES score (P<0.05). Conclusion BED tendencies among college students are closely related to perfectionism, with higher levels of perfectionism associated with more severe BED tendencies.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Tai’an City from 2018 to 2023, to understand its incidence trend, and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control. Methods Data on HFMD in Tai’an City from 2018 to 2023 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, together with laboratory pathogen detection results, and the distribution by time, region and population was analyzed descriptively. Results A total of 19 773 HFMD cases were reported in Tai’an City from 2018 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 59.21 per 100 000. The incidence showed a seasonal distribution, mainly from May to September. Cases were predominantly children aged ≤ 5 years (17 697 cases, 89.50%). The incidence in males was higher than that in females (χ2=656.68, P<0.001). By occupation, cases were mainly scattered children (62.94%) and nursery children (28.81%). From 2018 to 2023, a total of 1 474 cases were laboratory-confirmed; the pathogen composition was dominated by other enteroviruses (68.39%), followed by CoxA16 (348 cases, 23.61%) and EV71 (118 cases, 8.01%). Among the two typeable strains (CoxA16 and EV71), the proportion of EV71 was higher than that of CoxA16 in 2018; the proportion of CoxA16 surged to 64.86% in 2019 and then declined year by year to 7.08% during 2020–2023, while EV71 remained at a low level from 2019 onward and was 2.92% in 2023. Conclusions From 2018 to 2023, the incidence of HFMD in Tai’an City showed an overall declining trend with large year-to-year fluctuations, and was markedly affected by prevention and control strategies. The pathogen composition changed: the proportion of EV71 declined, CoxA16 peaked in 2019 and then declined year by year, and other enteroviruses increased overall. It is recommended to further strengthen the typing surveillance of other enteroviruses, improve multi-factor early-warning surveillance of HFMD, and adopt effective measures for the scientific prevention and control of HFMD.