Objective To analyze the associations between body composition indices and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents based on the “Huantai Children’s Cardiovascular Health Follow-up Cohort”, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in the targeted population. Methods In November 2023, a total of1 154 students aged 12 to 17 years were selected with a convenience cluster sampling method from a primary school with nine-year program in Huantai, Zibo City, Shandong. The survey included questionnaires, body composition measurements, and blood biochemistry tests. Multifactorial logistic regression model was employed to explore the associations between body composition indices and dyslipidemia. Results Among the 1 154 participants, a total of 165 (14.30%) were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, including 87 males (7.54%) and 78 females (6.76%). After adjusting for covariates, results from logistic regression model analyses showed that increased body fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass (FFM), fat free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat mass of upper limbs (UFM), at mass of lower limbs (fLFM), trunk fat mass (TFM), fat-free mass of upper limbs (UFFM), and fat free mass of trunk (TFFM) were significantly associated with elevated dyslipidemia risk. The association between fat free mass of lower limbs (LFFM) and dyslipidemia was not statistically significant. Stratified analyses by gender revealed that FM, UFM, LFM, and TFM were significantly associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia in both males and females. Additionally, elevated lean fat-free mass of the upper limbs (UFFM) was significantly associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia in both males and females. However, skeletal muscle indices (SMM and SMI) showed no significant associations with dyslipidemia in either boys or girls. Furthermore, in males, increased FMI and FFMI were associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia, while elevated LFFM was associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia. In females, increased FFM was positively associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions Increased body composition indices in children and adolescents, especially fat mass composition, are associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia. Regular monitoring of body composition changes in children and adolescents will be helpful in the early prevention of dyslipidemia.

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of Monkeypox knowledge awareness and self-assessment of infection risk among young students men who have sex with men (MSM), and to provide scientific basis for promoting Monkeypox prevention awareness in this targeted population. Methods cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted in January 2024 with a convenience sampling method to recruit young students MSM aged 18-24 years for investigating their Monkeypox knowledge awareness and self-assessment of infection risk. Results A total of1 039 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall awareness rate of Monkeypox knowledge was 39.7%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that older age and higher levels of attention to Monkeypox information were associated with increased knowledge awareness. Individuals engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors (e.g., group sex), reporting recent unexplained rashes, or using psychoactive substances/drugs exhibited higher knowledge levels. Respondents with uncertain HIV infection status had lower knowledge awareness rates. Among participants, 74.8% (777), 20.0% (208), and 5.2% (54) self-assessed their Monkeypox infection risk as low, medium, and high, respectively. Perceived severity of the Monkeypox outbreak and a higher number of risk factors were positively associated with medium or high self-assessed risk. Conclusions This study revealed significant gaps in Monkeypox knowledge and underestimation of infection risks among young student MSM with high-risk sexual behaviors. Schools and healthcare institutions should strengthen education and prevention efforts to improve Monkeypox-related awareness in this population.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the application efficacy of a behavioral intervention program based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) in first-aid education for college freshmen, and compare it with traditional lecture-based teaching methods, thereby providing empirical support for first-aid education reforms in higher education institutions. Methods A randomized controlled trial design was employed. In October 2023, a total of 200 freshmen from Beijing Union University were randomly selected as research subjects through cluster random sampling. Using a random number generator, participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The study adopted a repeated measures design to compare differences in first-aid theoretical knowledge awareness, standardized practical skill assessment scores, and self-efficacy scale in first-aid awareness between the two groups at three time points: baseline before intervention, immediate post-intervention testing, and one-year follow-up after intervention. Results Immediate post-intervention assessments showed that the theoretical knowledge awareness rate in the experimental group reached 92.3%, significantly higher than the 78.5% in the control group (P<0.01). For standardized practical skill assessment scores, the experimental group scored 88.7±5.2, while the control group scored 75.4±6.8 (P<0.01). For self-efficacy scores, the experimental group scored 4.2±0.6, and the control group scored 3.5±0.7 (P<0.01). At the one-year follow-up evaluation, the experimental group still maintained significant advantages across all indicators (all P<0.01). Conclusion The behavioral intervention program based on SCT theory can significantly enhance freshmen’s mastery of first-aid knowledge, practical skills, and self-efficacy, with good long-term maintenance efficacy.

Objective To analyze the growth, development and nutritional status of preschool children in Datong City, and to provide guidance for child health care and nutrition work. Methods Stratified by kindergartens location and type, a cluster random sampling method was employed to enroll 3-6-year-old children from 138 kindergartens in Datong urban area. Data on age, gender, height, and weight were collected. Growth and nutritional status were evaluated using age- and gender-specific Z-scores. Results Both male and female children exhibited a decline-stabilization-rise trend in body mass index (BMI). Adiposity Rebound (AR) age appeared at 4 years in boys and 4.5 years in girls. The overall weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) and weight-for-height Z score (WHZ) of boys were higher than those of girls (tWAZ=4.933, tWHZ=15.206, both P<0.001). The height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) and WAZ increased with age in both genders (male: FHAZ=72.374, females: FHAZ=121.865, male: FWAZ=186.252, female: FWAZ=261.020, all P<0.001). WHZ showed a downward, stable and then upward trend (male: FWHZ=0.032, P=0.858; female: FWHZ=1.390, P=0.238). The prevalence of stunting decreased with age in both genders (male: χ2trend=5.197, female: χ2trend=12.423, both P<0.001). Female children had a higher prevalence of thinness than males (χ2=5.273, P=0.022). The prevalence of wasting in girls was higher than that in boys, and the prevalence of wasting in boys and girls increased with age (male: χ2trend=13.317, P＜0.001; female: χ2trend=7.509, P=0.006). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys was higher than that in girls (χ2overweight=26.950, χ2obesity=138.998, both P<0.001). The prevalence of overweight decreased with age in both genders (male: χ2trend=45.278, female: χ2trend=28.530, both P<0.001), whereas obesity rates increased (male: χ2trend=124.952, female: χ2trend=13.462, both P<0.001). Conclusions Preschool children in Datong demonstrated favorable growth and development, but the age of adiposity rebound was relatively low. More attention should be paid to the overweight and obesity.

Objective To investigate the current status of myopia among primary school students in Tongzhou, Nantong, and analyse the associations between students’ and parents awareness of myopia prevention and control knowledge and the prevalence of myopia, and to provide a scientific basis for scientific and targeted intervention strategies. Methods A total of 7 226 primary school students and their parents in Tongzhou, Nantong, were enrolled with a cluster random sampling method. Chi-square tests were applied to analyze the associations between myopia prevention awareness and myopia prevalence, while t-tests compared intergroup differences. Logistic regression was further applied to explore the influencing factors of myopia among students. Results The total myopia prevalence among first-to fifth-grade students in Tongzhou, was 41.351%. Students from the urban area exhibited higher prevalence than those from rural area, showing significant difference between groups (χ2=18.394, P＜0.001). Females had higher prevalence than males, indicating significant difference between groups (χ2=25.762, P＜0.001). Myopia prevalence increased significantly with grade levels (χ2=778.400, P＜0.001): 12.295% in Grade 1, 24.203% in Grade 2, 45.072% in Grade 3, 57.468% in Grade 4, and 63.204% in Grade 5, respectively. The overall awareness prevalence of myopia prevention knowledge among students and parents was 83.485%. Urban residence, females, higher grade levels, and higher myopia prevention knowledge scores were identified as significant risk factors for myopia (all P＜0.001). Conclusions The knowledge awareness of myopia prevention serves as a foundational element for preventing myopia progression. All sides should strengthen the publicity of myopia prevention knowledge, and guide students to form scientific eye-use behavior correctly, for the awareness of the regular eyes examinations and glas-wearing. Relevant officials should focus on intervention of myopia in the lower grades of primary school, so as to reduce the occurrence of myopia and mitigate the myopia progression.

Objective To explore the association between social jetlag and new-onset screening-detected myopia in low-grade primary school students, to provide a reference basis for myopia prevention and control among students. Methods In April 2023, a cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 340 students from four primary schools (Grades 1-2) in Yangzhou. A self-designed questionnaire on students’ visual health was surveyed,to perform visual acuity examination and follow-up examination after 1 year. The Chi-square test was utilized to compare social jetlag and new-onset screening-detected myopia incidence across subgroups. Binary logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between social jetlag and new-onset screening-detected myopia. Results The incidence of new-onset screening-detected myopia in the high-social-jetlag group (19.5%) was higher than that of in low-social-jetlag group (13.6%), showing significant differences (χ2=7.316, P<0.01). High social jetlag was positively associated with mew-onset screening-detected myopia (OR=1.466, 95% CI=1.072-2.005). Stratified analysis revealed a significant association in female students (OR=1.833, 95% CI=1.279-2.626). Conclusion Elevated social jetlag increases myopia susceptibility in low-grade primary students, with a gender-specific effect observed in females.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of refractive status and screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Jiangning District, Nanjing, 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for myopia prevention and control strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2023, all primary, junior- and senior- high school students in Jiangning District, Nanjing were examined for naked eye distance vision and optometry. The optometry was performed using a non-ciliary muscle paralysis computer automatic optometry instrument. Chi-square tests compared myopia prevalence across genders, grades, and school stages. Results A total of 162 631 students (85 754 males, 76 877 females) were screened. Myopia was detected in 102 964 cases, with an overall prevalence of 63.31%. Females exhibited a higher prevalence (65.51%) than males (61.34%), showing a statistically significant difference (χ2=304.075, P<0.01). The prevalence of myopia increased with school stage: 51.54% in primary school, 85.54% in junior high school, and 91.09% in senior high school. The steepest rise in myopia occurred between grades 1-4. The highest percentage of high myopia growth was observed in grade 5. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia is relatively high in Jiangning, with females and younger students at greater risk. Schools families and society should pay attention to it and take active prevention and control measures to reduce the prevalence of myopia.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, the initial CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and viral loads of HIV cases among young students in Nanchang City, and to provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods Data regarding HIV/AIDS cases aged 15-24 years were collected from “China Information System for HIV/AIDS Control and Prevention” between 2013 and 2022. Descriptive methods were applied to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, initial CD4+ cell counts and viral loads. The trend χ2 test was used to analyze CD4+ cell counts in different years. Results A total of 374 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among young students, with an average annual growth rate of 12.7%. The primary sources of case identification included voluntary counseling and testing (50.3%). Most cases involved males (99.5%), individuals aged 18-22 years (83.7%), unmarried populations (100%), Han ethnicity (97.9%), and college-educated populations or above (88.0%). Homosexual transmission accounted for 86.4% of infections, with rates exceeding 90% in the past three years. The median of initial CD4+ cell counts was 345 cells/μl, and the proportion of initial CD4+ cell counts less than 200 cells/μl was 15.8%. The viral load levels were mainly ranged between 104 cps/mL-105 cps/mL. Conclusions HIV/AIDS incidence among young students in Nanchang exhibited an initial surge followed by stabilization. The predominance of male-to-male transmission and evidence of late-diagnosed cases with the initial CD4+ cell counts and virus loads underscore the urgency of enhanced behavioral education, interventions, and early antiviral therapy access for high-risk populations.

Objective To investigate the current status of myopia, overweight, obesity, dental caries, and other common diseases among primary and secondary students in Nanjing, and to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention strategies. Methods A random stratified cluster sampling method was employed. Both urban and suburban areas were stratified into two layers, with one district was randomly selected from each layers. In each selected district, two primary schools, two junior high schools, and one senior high school were randomly chosen. Schools were further stratified by grade level, with at least two classes per grade randomly selected to ensure a minimum size of 80 students per grade. Health examinations for common diseases were conducted, and data were analyzed according to gender, grade level, and urban/suburban regions. Results A total of 3 774 primary and secondary students were screened, with the detection rates of common diseases from highest to lowest, were myopia (66.1%), permanent tooth caries (21.9%), obesity (18.6%), overweight (18.0%), deciduous tooth caries (9.1%), malnutrition (6.1%), and spinal curvature abnormalities (2.7%). Comparisons across different grades revealed that the detection rates of myopia, spinal curvature abnormalities, overweight, and permanent tooth caries increased with advancing grades, while those of malnutrition and deciduous tooth caries decreased (P<0.05). Additionally, gender differences showed higher rates of myopia, spinal curvature abnormalities, and permanent tooth caries in female students, while male students had higher rates of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity (P<0.05). Urban-rural comparisons indicated no statistically significant differences in myopia, overweight, and obesity (P>0.05), but significant differences in other diseases (P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rates of myopia, dental caries, overweight, and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing are relatively high. Therefore, proactive prevention measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence of common diseases among students.

Objective To investigate the oral health status of college students in the oral clinic and the risk factors related to dental caries, and to provide a reference for promoting the oral health of college students. Methods A questionnaire survey and oral examination were conducted among college students in the oral clinic of Chenggong Campus Hospital of Yunnan University, from January to December 2023, with the methods of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey. The prevalence and distribution disparities of dental caries among college students were assessed. The potential risk factors of dental caries were investigated with binary logistic regression models. Results A total of 524 college students were enrolled. The prevalence of dental caries was 75.0%. The average number of decayed, filled, or missing teeth per person was 3.6, and the filling ratio of dental caries was 46.2%. Being female (OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.22-2.75, P=0.004) and consuming sweet snacks/candies ≥ once a day (OR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.16-4.27, P=0.016) were risk factors for dental caries. Conclusions The dental caries is severely prevalent among college students in the oral clinic, and female students and the consumption of sweet snacks/candies are positively associated with dental caries. It is imperative to enhance oral health education for college students and develop comprehensive oral disease prevention strategies to minimize the incidence of dental caries.

Objective To analyze the distribution of disease composition, and its trends among hospitalized children and adolescents from a tertiary hospital, and to provide a reference for the disease prevention and hospital management. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in December 2024. A total of 31 434 children and adolescents aged 0-18 admitted to the hospital from 2018 to 2023 were enrolled through the hospital medical record information system. Disease compositions were ranked and analyzed by year, age group, and gender, and the differences in the disease compositions were compared with χ2 test. Results Males were more frequently hospitalized than females, with a ratio of 1.42∶1. The top five diseases among hospitalized children and adolescents were respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, genitourinary diseases, injuries and poisoning, and perinatal diseases. Disease spectrum varied across years, ages, and genders, but respiratory diseases consistently ranked first. Males had more cases of urogenital system diseases and injuries/poisoning than females. Females exhibited more cases of endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases. Digestive system diseases increased significantly in preschoolers, while genitourinary diseases significantly increased in school-age children. Injuries and poisoning were more prevalent during adolescence. Conclusions Respiratory and digestive system diseases and injuries are the most frequent diseases among hospitalized children and adolescents. Targeted interventions, such as strengthening disease prevention, promoting scientific feeding practices, and enhancing adolescent safety education, will improve the accuracy of health management for children and adolescents.

Objective To understand the caries prevention effect of the free pit and fissure sealant program for the first permanent molars of school-age children, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies for caries of the first permanent molars. Methods A total of 3 956 students who had received the free pit and fissure sealant for their first permanent molars three years ago and 3 199 students who had received it four years ago were respectively selected in Dongguan for the examination of dental caries and the retention of sealants. Students in the same grade of the same school who met the indications for pit and fissure sealant but did not receive the sealant were set as the control group. The students in the sealant group were examined for dental caries of the first permanent molars and the retention of sealants, while the students in the control group were only examined for dental caries of the first permanent molars. Results The retention rate of 3-year sealing agent (65.5%) was higher than that of 4-year sealing agent (52.7%). The incidence of first permanent molar caries in the sealant group (7.6%) was lower than that in the non-sealant group (16.5%). The total protection rate of free pit and fissure sealant for school-aged children in Dongguan from 2017 to 2018 was 49.7%. The protection rate against dental caries of the first permanent molars for students four years after pit and fissure sealant was 44.2%, and the protective rate three years after pit and fissure sealant was 53.9%. Conclusion The pit and fissure sealant for the first permanent molars has remarkable effect on preventing dental caries and is a suitable technique for preventing dental caries in children.

Objective To compare differences in perceived social support and sense of life meaning among college students from different economic backgrounds, and to analyze their associations between perceived social support and sense of life meaning. Methods A total of 1 063 students from economically disadvantaged families and 2 888 non-disadvantaged students were surveyed using the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the Meaning of Life Scale (MLQ). Results Students from economically disadvantaged families scored significantly lower on total perceived social support and its dimensions, such as family support, compared to non-disadvantaged students (t=-3.728, -4.198, -3.129; all P<0.001). The total sense of life meaning and search for life meaning scores were significantly lower (t=-4.146, -3.901; both P<0.001). In both groups, perceived social support and its dimensions were positively correlated with the sense of life meaning (r=0.404—0.555, all P<0.01). Family economic status negatively moderated the associations between perceived social support and sense of life meaning (β=-3.537,P<0.001). Conclusions College students from economically disadvantaged families exhibit lower levels of perceived social support and sense of life meaning. Perceived social support is significantly positively associated with sense of life meaning. These findings suggest that universities should build a multidimensional support systems, strengthen financial aid and educational functions, and improve perceived social support for this population to address their mental health and developmental challenges.

Objective To analyze surveillance data of suspected Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in Binhu District, Wuxi (2014-2023), for understanding the distribution characteristics, and to provide a scientific basis for vaccine safety strategies. Methods Vaccination and AEFI report data from 2014 to 2023 were collected . Joinpoint regression trend analysis software was employed to segment and analyze the trend of AEFI reporting rates, while descriptive epidemiological methods were conducted to examine distribution patterns. Results A total of 1 012 AEFI cases were reported in Binhu District, with an overall reporting rate of 32.94 / 100 000 vaccine doses. Joinpoint regression revealed a significant downward trend in reporting rates, AAPC=-14.01%, (95% CI:-17.85% to-10.00%, P<0.05). The male-to-female ratio was 1.25∶1, with the age group of 0-6 years old accounting for the majority. Peaks occurred in the second and third quarters. The AEFI report cases (95.26%) emerged within 0-3 days after vaccination. The most AEFI reporting cases were observed for the acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus (DTP) vaccine (420 cases, 41.50%). The clinical manifestations were mainly involved with general reactions, such as fever/local redness/induration. Conclusions From 2014 to 2023, the overall AEFI reporting rates in Binhu District, Wuxi, showed a downward trend, mainly with general reactions. The AEFI surveillance system exhibited stable operational efficacy, reinforcing vaccine safety.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of clustered outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in Shizhong, Jinan and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of viral gastroenteritis. Methods Regarding the seven clustered outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in Shizhong District, the epidemiological distributions, clinical characteristics, and pathogenic features were depicted using frequency, percentage, and prevalence. Results In 2023, seven clustered outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis were reported in Shizhong, mostly involving the primary schools and kindergartens, with 79 suspected cases, and an average incidence of 1.40%. The major symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. The incidence of clustered outbreaks mainly peaked in winter and spring. Children from primary school and kindergartens were the susceptible population. The incidence between primary schools and kindergartens showed statistically significant differences (χ2=74.49, P<0.001). Regarding the outbreaks in kindergartens, the incidence between public and private institutions showed significant differences (χ2=5.21, P<0.05). Of the seven outbreaks, five were caused by Norovirus. Conclusions Outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis tend to peak in winter and spring, mainly in primary schools and kindergartens, with Norovirus as the major pathogen. Strengthened management of key sites (i.e., primary schools and kindergartens) in winter and spring, along with timely detection, reporting and treatment, is conducive to controlling the clustered outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of neck occupational musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among electronic manufacturing workers in Fuzhou City and their risk factors, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies. Methods A stratified sampling method was applied to select workers from five electronic equipment manufacturing companies in Fuzhou City. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (Chinese Version) to investigate the occurrence of neck WMSDs and the distribution of related work postures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results A total of 2 995 questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 90.79% (2 534 valid questionnaires, validity rate: 84.61%). The reported prevalence of neck WMSDs was 23.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following risk factors for the occurrence of neck WMSDs: females (OR=1.529, 95%CI: 1.243-1.882, P<0.001), working in uncomfortable postures (OR=1.892, 95% CI: 1.528-2.342, P<0.001), prolonged neck maintaining the same posture (OR=1.798, 95%CI: 1.400-2.309, P<0.001), and prolonged head-down posture during work (OR=1.705, 95%CI: 1.335-2.178, P<0.001). Compared to workers with<5 years of work, those with 10-15 years (OR=1.411, 95% CI: 1.023-1.948, P<0.05) and ≥15 years (OR=1.778, 95% CI: 1.144-2.761, P<0.01) had higher risks. Severe forward neck flexion increased the risk by 1.972 times compared to upright posture (95% CI: 1.361-2.856, P<0.01). Adequate rest time was identified as a protective factor (OR=0.583, 95%CI: 0.475-0.715, P<0.001). Conclusions Neck WMSDs are highly prevalent among electronic equipment manufacturing workers in Fuzhou. Individual characteristics and factors such as working postures and working environment are associated with the occurrence of neck WMSDs. Occupational health interventions should prioritize some adjustment and rest management for protecting the targeted population.