Objective To learn the current situation of sleep insufficiency and related influencing factors among senior-high school students in Shanghai, and to provide a basis for developing the corresponding intervention strategies. Methods Using multi-stage randomized cluster sampling, students from two senior-high schools in each of the 16 districts in Shanghai were enrolled in 2023.Students were surveyed with questionnaire of “2023 Shanghai Students’ Common Diseases and Health Factors Monitoring and Intervention” program. Data on students’ sleep time, academic performance, and family economic status were collected. Results A total of 8 779 valid samples were taken, among which 96.5% of the students suffered from sleep insufficiency. The prevalence of sleep insufficiency was lower in male students than female students (95.4% vs. 97.7%, χ2=33.554, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in male students, students with excellent academic performance, those with outdoor activity time <1 h, and no daily use of mobile electronic devices as the reference group, respectively. The following group had a higher risk of sleep insufficiency: In female students (OR=1.781, 95%CI: 1.370-2.316), students with moderate to high academic achievement (OR=1.644, 95%CI: 1.083-2.494), those with outdoor activity time of 1- <2 h (OR=2.725, 95%CI: 2.013-3.688), 2- <3 h (OR=1.721, 95%CI: 1.154-2.566), ≥3 h (OR=1.541, 95%CI: 1.039-2.286), and those with daily use of mobile electronic devices (OR=2.969, 95%CI: 2.319-3.800). Conclusions Sleep insufficiency is a severe issue among high school students in Shanghai, with gender, academic performance, outdoors duration, and daily use of electronic devices being the main influencing factors. Schools, and students should take appropriate measures to improve the sleep insufficiency.

Objective To investigate the current status of overweight and obesity and analyze its related influencing factor among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for the education departments, health institutions, and school administrators to formulate targeted and effective intervention strategies. Methods A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted among 41 451 students from 118 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai. Height and weight measurements were conducted by trained professionals to calculate BMI, with overweight and obesity defined according to standards. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess school health work. Chi-square tests and bivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze associations between school health work and overweight and obesity among students. Results The overall detection rate of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai is 34.2%. The results showed that the absence of psychological counseling services (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.18-1.55), lack of overweight and obesity prevention initiatives (OR=1.16, 95%CI:1.08-1.25), insufficient physical education class (OR=1.17, 95%CI:1.02-1.34), and infrequent school sports events (OR=1.07, 95%CI:1.02-1.12) were risk factors for students’ overweight and obesity. Conclusions Multiple school health-related factors are significantly associated with the risk of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai. It is necessary to implement targeted measures for different factors, the school environment should be optimized to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students and promote their healthy growth.

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of Spinal Curvature Abnormalities (SCA) among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide evidence for targeted regional prevention and control strategies. Methods A multistage random cluster sampling method was employed to select students from 16 districts in Shanghai for SCA. Diagnosis was conducted in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Spinal Curvature Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents (GB/T 16133—2014). Data on physical examinations and behavioral habits were investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21.0, with the chi-square tests and logistic regression models for correlation analysis. Results A total of 30 192 valid samples were included in this study, with 741 SCA cases detected, yielding an overall detection rate of 2.45%. The prevalence was higher in females (2.66%) than in males (2.27%), and significantly elevated among senior high school students (3.80%) compared to elementary (0.81%) and junior high students (2.09%). Urban students exhibited a higher prevalence (2.72%) than suburban (2.24%). Multivariate analysis indicated that urban residence (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.06–1.43), female (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.02-1.36), high school stage (OR=4.12, 95%CI: 3.11-5.45), and underweight status (OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.48) were independent risk factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of SCA among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai cannot be overlooked, with significant associations observed across school stages, gender, residential areas, and underweight status. It is recommended to enhance early screening initiatives and strengthen diagnostic follow-up and early interventions for screen-positive students, thereby reducing the incidence of SCA.

Objective To understand the associations between blood pressure levels and age, puberty development stage, and nutritional status among primary and secondary students in Shanghai in 2023, and to provide scientific basis for initiating early prevention and control strategies for elevated blood pressure in students. Methods A total of 36 733 primary and secondary school students in Shanghai from September to November 2023 were enrolled with a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Physical examinations were performed to analyze the blood pressure levels and nutritional status. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between blood pressure and age, puberty development, and nutritional status. Results The detection rate of normal-high and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai was 16.74% and 15.25%, respectively, with both rates being higher in boys than in girls. The detection rate of normal-high and elevated blood pressure in 17-year-old boys were the highest (34.8% and 22.5%), while the detection rates in girls at 13-14 years old were the highest (12.7%, 18.5%), respectively. There were statistically significant differences (all P<0.001) in the detection rates of normal-high blood pressure and elevated blood pressure among students of different genders, nutritional status, and puberty stages. Multivariate analysis showed that underweight students had a lower probability of developing elevated blood pressure (P<0.05), while the risk of normal-high blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in overweight and obese students was 1.79-4.86 times that of normal-weight students (P<0.001). The risk of normal-high blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in puberty-stage students was 1.75-2.71 times that of pre-puberty groups (P<0.001). Conclusions The problem of elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai is particularly prominent, especially among puberty-stage and obese students. We should continue to strengthen blood pressure monitoring and implement interventions through various comprehensive measures to reduce the risk of elevated blood pressure in students.

Objective To explore the characteristics of dietary and physical activity behavioral patterns among senior primary school students in Shanghai and their associations with prevalence of overweight and obesity, and to provide evidence for targeted intervention strategies. Methods A total of 5 781 students (grade 4-5) from 32 schools in 16 districts of Shanghai were enrolled from September to November 2023, with a stratified random cluster sampling method. Dietary and physical activity behavior patterns, as well as demographic characteristics were collected through questionnaires. Height and weight were measured through physical examinations. Students were classified into 4 groups based on BMI: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different dietary and physical activity behavioral patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between dietary and physical activity patterns and prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among senior primary school students in Shanghai was 37.54% (overweight 16.97%, obesity 20.57%), with a higher prevalence among boys and students whose parents had lower educational attainment. Through LCA, students were divided into four groups of dietary and physical activity behavioral patterns. Compared with “healthy group”, the “high-energy food and low-activity” group, characterized by higher comsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fried foods and lower physical activity levels, exhibited a higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.19~1.72). Conclusion Unhealthy dietary and physical activity behavioral patterns significantly increase the risk of overweight and obesity among senior primary school students.

Objective To learn the nutritional status and influencing factors of secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide a basis for the scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study design employing multistage cluster random sampling, students from 2 junior schools, 2 high schools, and 1 vocational high school from 16 districts in Shanghai were selected from September to November 2023.Questionnaires were surveyed with the project of “Monitoring and Intervention of Common Diseases and Factors Affecting the Health of Students in Shanghai in 2023” (Partial), which was combined with the physical examinations to collect information on basic information, dietary and exercise behaviors, smoking and drinking behaviors, height and weight. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the independent influencing factor on the nutritional status of secondary school students. Results A total of 21 435 valid samples were enrolled, and the detection rates of wasting, overweight, and obesity among secondary school students in Shanghai were 6.97%, 17.80%, and 17.81%, respectively. Significant differences in nutritional status were observed by different genders (χ2=962.20, P<0.001) and school stages (χ2=44.56, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females had lower risks of wasting (OR=0.53, 95%CI:0.48-0.60), overweight (OR=0.47, 95%CI:0.43-0.51), and obesity (OR=0.34, 95%CI:0.32-0.37) compared to males. High school students had a higher risk of wasting than junior high school students (OR=1.35, 95%CI:1.19-1.52). Compared to never drinking sugary beverages in the past 7 days, sugary beverages were a risk factor for obesity in secondary school students both <1 time/day (OR=1.17, 95%CI:1.03-1.32) and≥1 time/day (OR=1.24, 95%CI:1.07-1.44). Compared with no fresh fruit consumption per day, 1 kind/day (OR=1.36, 95%CI:1.01-1.84) and ≥3 kinds/day (OR=1.44, 95%CI:1.05-1.98) had a higher risk of wasting. The 2 kinds/day of fresh fruit increases the risk of overweight (OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.01-1.53). The≥3 kinds/day of fresh fruit consumption was a common risk factor for overweight (OR=1.25, 95%CI:1.00-1.56) and obesity (OR=1.26, 95%CI:1.02-1.56). The risk of wasting was low (OR=0.71, 95%CI:0.57-0.89) for≥1 kind/day dairy consumption in the past 7 days compared to no daily dairy consumption. Compared with no moderate-intensity exercise in the past 7 days, the risk of wasting was lower for 1 to 4 days/week (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.94) and≥4 days/week (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.52-0.72) of moderate-intensity exercise; and the risk of obesity was lower for≥4 days/week of moderate-intensity exercise (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.72-0.91). Secondary school students who do not drink alcohol have a higher risk of weight loss (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.03~1.38) and a lower risk of obesity (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.77~0.93). Conclusions Undernutrition and overnutrition coexist in Shanghai secondary school students, in which overweight and obesity are prominent. The nutritional status of this population is correlated with dietary and exercise behavioral habits, and targeted interventions should be taken to effectively improve adolescent nutritional health.

Objective To formulate visual-friendly environment evaluation indicators suitable for primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, and to provide basis for advancing the myopia prevention and control work in schools. Methods A pool of indicator entries was formed through literature review, consultations with relevant experts, and combined with practical work experience. A two-round Delphi method was conducted (20 people in the first round and 20 people in the second round) and the degree of concentration (average score, full score ratio) and coordination degree (variation coefficient, coordination coefficient W) of the expert opinions in each round of consultation were statistically analyzed. Among which the coordination coefficient W was obtained with the non-parametric Kendall’s W test of multiple samples. Necessary additions, subtractions and revisions of the indicators was adjusted based on expert feedback to finalize the evaluation framework. Analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weight of each indicator. Results The expert authority coefficients for the two rounds of consultation were 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. The recovery rate of the Delphi expert consultation form in the first round was 100%, and the recovery rate of the Delphi expert consultation form in the second round was 95%. The variation coefficient of each three-level indicator was 0.03-0.22 and 0.03-0.18, and the coordination coefficient W was 0.28 and 0.39, respectively. Finally, a visual-friendly environment evaluation indicator system for primary and secondary schools was established, consisting of 1 first-level indicator, 5 second-level indicators, and 30 third-level indicators. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the intra-level weight of indicators. The variation coefficients of the five secondary indicators of classroom environment, school activity arrangements, school supplies, student vision health management and school environment were 0.07, 0.16, 0.16, 0.20, and 0.19, respectively. The weight coefficients were 21.69%, 20.78%, 19.86%, 19.18%, and 18.49%, respectively. Conclusions We have constructed a visual-friendly environment evaluation indicator system suitable for primary and secondary schools in Shanghai. Experts have good enthusiasm, coordination, and authority, which has practical guiding significance for the implementation of myopia prevention and control in primary and secondary schools.

Objective To investigate the awareness of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control knowledge among freshmen in universities and its influencing factors in Weifang, and to provide scientific basis for campus TB prevention and control. Methods From September 4 to 24, 2024, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among freshmen in universities with a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 8 548 questionnaires were collected, with 8 478 valid questionnaires. The questionnaire surveyed students’ basic information, TB prevention and control knowledge. The influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The overall awareness rate of TB prevention and control knowledge among freshmen was 66.92%, with a full awareness rate of 5.37%. Non-medical students (OR=0.51; 95%CI=0.34-0.77), students who had unclear exposure history of TB [OR=0.42; 95%CI=0.21-0.85), student living in rural areas (OR=0.87; 95%CI=0.78-0.97), and students who had not received health education (OR=0.37; 95%CI=0.33-0.41) were the risk factors affecting the awareness of TB prevention and control knowledge. Female students (OR=1.56; 95%CI=1.42-1.73), students> 18 years old (OR=1.20; 95%CI=1.08-1.32), undergraduate students (OR=1.67; 95%CI=1.14-2.47), non-smoking students (OR=1.45; 95%CI=1.17-1.76), students whose father’s had a high school or above educational level (OR=1.32; 95%CI=1.10-1.57), students who exercise weekly 1 time at most: (OR=1.40; 95%CI=1.19-1.65), 2-3 times: (OR=1.82; 95%CI=1.54-2.16), 4 or more times: (OR=1.86; 95%CI=1.50-2.31) were the protective factors. Conclusions The overall awareness rate of TB prevention and control knowledge among freshmen in universities in Weifang City is relatively low. Major, TB exposure history, residence, acceptance of health education, gender, age, educational level, smoking history, weekly exercise habits, and the father’s educational level are the main influencing factors. Targeted health education should be strengthened in the future, particularly for non-medical majors, rural residents, males, and freshmen with limited exercise.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of injury-related deaths among children aged 0-14 years in Huai’an District, and to provide scientific evidence for child injury prevention strategies. Methods Data on injury-related deaths in Huai’an District from 2002 to 2022 were collected. The injury mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, cause-of-death composition ratio, PYLL, AYLL, and PYLrate (PYL‰) were calculated. The AAPC was calculated using Joinpoint 4.8.0 software. Results From 2002 to 2022, the average annual injury-related mortality rate among children aged 0-14 years in Huai’an District was 18.49/100 000.AAPC of the crude mortality rates for all children, boys, and girls due to injuries were -8.214%, -7.935%, and -8.396%, respectively, as did the AAPC for standardized mortality rates (-8.394%, -8.202%, and -8.696%, respectively), all showing a significant downward trend over years(P<0.001).The injury mortality rate in boys (21.80/100 000) was significantly higher than that of in girls (14.38/100 000) (χ2=31.845), with significant differences(P<0.001). The five leading causes of injury-related deaths were drowning (47.38%), mechanical asphyxia (23.82%), traffic accidents (18.08%), accidental falls (3.62%), and poisoning (1.00%). For children aged<1 year, mechanical asphyxia was the predominant cause of injury-related death (90.11/100 000), while drowning was the leading cause for children aged 1-<5 years(20.58/100 000), 5-<10 years(5.21/100 000), and 10-14 years(5.68/100 000). The total PYLL was 55 723.5 person-years, with an AYLL of 69.48 years and a PYLLR of 12.85‰. Conclusions Mortalityrate for injury among children in Huai’an District from 2002 to 2022 exhibits a significant downward trend. Drowning, mechanical asphyxia, and traffic accident injuries are the main causes of death for children aged 0-14 years. For children aged 0-<1 year, attention should be paid to the prevention of accidental mechanical asphyxia deaths.

Objective To understand the status of infectious disease prevention and control management and the construction of school health-care team in primary and secondary schools in Haidian, and to provide a basis for standardizing the infectious disease prevention and control management and improving the infectious disease prevention and control levels in schools. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among infectious disease management personnel in 195 primary and secondary schools in Haidian with the Surveillance list of Infectious Diseases in Primary and Primary Schools in Beijing. Results All schools had established emergency plans and related systems for infectious disease prevention and control, and were able to conduct morning and afternoon examinations and follow-up on absenteeism due to illness. 93.33% of the schools ensured that all students suffering from infectious diseases returned to school with a recovery certificate, and 88.21% of the schools had set up clinics / infirmary, among which 40.12% had an area of ≥40 m2.The student doctor/health-care teacher ratio in primary and secondary schools was 585∶1.School doctors / health-care teachers were mainly female, with age structure primarily in the 30-39 and 40-49 age groups. The vast majority of school doctors / health-care teachers were full-time, with undergraduate degrees as the main educational background, and mainly majored in medicine, with intermediate professional titles, mainly engaged in health work within 5 years. The infectious disease prevention and control management systems in Haidian were relatively sound, while 6.67% of the schools had cases where students with infectious diseases returned to classes without a recovery certificate. Additionally, 43.59% of schools faced staffing shortages for school doctors who had relatively low titles and high mobility, with most school health rooms/medical offices allocated in limited areas. Regarding school dietary hygiene, most school canteens were mostly operated under contracted management agreements. Conclusion The implementation of school infectious disease prevention and control system still needs to be further strengthened. Relevant departments should attach great importance to it, strengthen the construction of school health personnel team, improve the clinic/medical room, and strengthen the management of food and personnel to ensure food safety.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Xinyi from 2014 to 2023, and to provide scientific basis for future prevention and strategies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on viral hepatitis data from 2014 to 2023 in Xinyi. JoinPoint regression models were applied to analyze the epidemiological trend. Results A total of 2 023 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Xinyi, with an average annual incidence rate of 18.13/100 000.Hepatitis B exhibited the highest average annual incidence of 11.08/100 000, followed by hepatitis C (3.75/100 000). Hepatitis A showed low incidence of 0.73/100 000, while hepatitis E surpassed the level of hepatitis A in incidence of 2.51/100 000.Unclassified hepatitis had the lowest incidence (0.07/100 000), and hepatitis D reported zero cases. From 2014 to 2019, the incidence of hepatitis B decreased significantly at an average annual rate of 23.14% (95%CI: -56.25~-5.82, P=0.012). However, from 2019 to 2023, hepatitis B increased significantly at an average annual rate of 49.15% (95% CI: 12.09~181.53, P=0.003). The majority of cases occurred in individuals aged 20-69 years, with male incidence exceeding female rates. Occupational distribution showed farmers constituted the largest proportion. Conclusions Hepatitis B should be prioritized in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, while enhanced efforts should be made to manage hepatitis C and hepatitis E. Targeted population screening should be actively promoted, vaccination coverage enhanced, supervision of drinking water and food safety strengthened, public awareness of hygiene and disease prevention disseminated, and self⁃protection capabilities improved to mitigate disease risks.

Objective To analyze the main abnormal health indicators in the admission physical examination of college freshmen and their health status, and to provide basis for enhancing health education and medical security. Methods A total of 6 875 enrolled freshmen from a university in September 2024 underwent admission physical examinations. Data of students’ body height, body mass, blood pressure, heart rate, blood routine, and biochemical tests were collected and their physical examination results were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed to evaluate differences of detection rates of overweight/obesity, abnormal liver function, anemia, and hyperlipidemia across genders and academic categories, and weight groups. Results The detection rates ranked as follows: overweight/obesity (12.26%), abnormal liver function (6.14%), anemia (4.84%), hypercholesterolemia (2.67%), hypertriglyceridemia (1.57%), elevated creatinine (1.44%), hypertension (1.13%), abnormal electrocardiogram (0.90%), and hyperglycemia (0.87%). The detection rates of overweight/obesity, abnormal liver function, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram, and hyperglycemia were significantly higher in male students than those in female students (P<0.05). The detection rate of anemia was significantly higher in female students than that in male students (P<0.05). The detection rates of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and abnormal electrocardiogram were significantly higher in undergraduates than those in postgraduates (P<0.05). The detection rates of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly higher in postgraduates than those in undergraduates (P<0.05). The detection rates of abnormal liver function, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were significantly higher in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal weight group (P<0.05). Conclusions The results in this university exhibited notable prevalence of nutritional, metabolic, and cardiovascular abnormalities among students. The metabolic problems including abnormal liver function, hyperlipidemia are serious among male students, especially for overweight/obesity group, while the anaemia emerges as a critical issue among female students. Targeted interventions should prioritize weight management, metabolic monitoring, and gender-specific health strategies.