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• 2025 Volume 39 Issue 12
  Published: 20 December 2025

    

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  Research on influencing factors of myopia and its random forest prediction model among primary and secondary school students in Yancheng

  ZHU Haimeng, SUN Zhongyou, ZHAO Jijuan, XU Linjun

  2025, 39(12): 883-887,914. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250201

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  Objective To analyze the influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yancheng City, construct a myopia risk prediction tool based on the random forest model, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods Based on the physical examination and questionnaire survey data of 13 235 primary and secondary school students in Yancheng in 2023, univariate analysis was applied to screen significant influencing factors. The random forest model was then employed to rank the importance of variables, and the model performance was evaluated using the ROC curve. Results The detection rate of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yancheng was 77.8%. The ranking results of the importance of each variable in the random forest model were as follows: Age, school stage, duration of doing homework or reading/writing after school, whether parents have myopia, mother’s education level, reading or using electronic screens while lying or prostrate, duration of outdoor activities during the day in the past week, father’s education level, frequency of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise per day during holidays, reading or using electronic screens while walking or riding in a vehicle, number of times sugar-sweetened beverages were consumed in the past 7 days, turning off the lights when using electronic screens after dark, number of times fried foods were eaten in the past 7 days, gender, urban/rural residence, whether parents restrict watching TV or playing computer, daily sleep duration, location of activities during break time, and frequency of eye exercises per day. The area under the ROC curve of the random forest model was 0.679 2, with a 1-specificity of 42.40% and a sensitivity of 67.35%. Conclusions Myopia among primary and secondary school students is jointly influenced by genetic, behavioral, and family environmental factors, requiring comprehensive interventions. The random forest model has certain value in predicting myopia risk, but its discriminatory ability is limited. Future studies need to optimize the model and expand the sample size to improve the predictive efficacy.
  
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  Analysis of the trends in myopia detection rates among 33 923 primary and secondary school students in Yancheng, Jiangsu, 2019 to 2023

  CHEN Shuang, YU Zekun, SUN Zhongyou, ZHAO Jijuan

  2025, 39(12): 888-892. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250202

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  Objective To investigate the current status of myopia and the trends in refractive error among primary and secondary school students in Yancheng, Jiangsu, and to provide references for myopia prevention and control. Methods From 2019 to 2023, a cluster sampling method was adopted to select 33 923 students who had participated in vision examinations for four consecutive years for a myopia follow-up survey. A myopia tracking survey was conducted to calculate the myopia detection rates in different age groups and to analyze the changes in spherical equivalent (SE) and the severity of myopia across these age groups. Results The myopia detection rates among the 33 923 students from 2019 to 2023 were 48.03%, 61.62%, 69.63%, and 76.45%, respectively (P<0.001). The rates for male students were 45.90%, 58.87%, 66.59%, and 73.40%, while those for female students were 50.42%, 64.70%, 73.03%, and 79.87%. In the initial age group of 6-8 years, the myopia detection rates in the 2022-2023 academic year were 4.57 times (age 6), 3.35 times (age 7), and 2.49 times (age 8) those of the 2019-2020 academic year. In the initial age group of 6-11 years, the high myopia detection rates in the 2022-2023 academic year were at least four times those of the 2019-2020 academic year. Students aged 6-9 years exhibited the fastest progression of myopia, with the most rapid progression observed in 8-year-old students, whose SE increased annually by -0.49 D (right eye) and -0.47 D (left eye), and in 9-year-old students, whose SE increased annually by -0.49 D (right eye) and -0.45 D (left eye). Conclusion The progression of myopia among students aged 6-9 has significantly accelerated, highlighting the need for increased attention to the critical window period for myopia prevention and control in this age group.
  
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  Surveillance and influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suqian, 2019-2023

  XU Haigang, ZHOU Jiaxin, LU Zhengxuan, YAN Jingjing

  2025, 39(12): 893-898. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250203

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  Objective To investigate and evaluate the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Suqian from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a reference for further formulating strategies and measures for prevention and control of myopia. Methods In 2019, 12 schools were selected with a stratified random cluster sampling method. The visual acuity tests and refractive examinations among primary and secondary school students were measured for 5 consecutive years to analyze the detection of myopia. A questionnaire survey was conducted among students in grade four and above, and the logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the influencing factors of student myopia. Results A total of 4 314, 4 179, 4 063, 4 053, and 4 192 students were enrolled in the five surveys, respectively. From 2019 to 2023, the overall detection rate of myopia among students in Suqian showed an upward trend, standing at 50.46%, 55.52%, 60.57%, 55.54% and 60.47%, respectively. Moreover, the myopia detection rate among girls was higher than that of in boys each year (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors affecting myopia were female gender (OR=1.397, 95%CI: 1.293-1.150), higher grades [(junior high school (OR=3.816, 95%CI:3.486-4.177); senior high school (OR=8.231, 95%CI:7.234-9.364); vocational high school (OR=2.287, 95%CI:1.948-2.686)], parental reminders about proper reading posture (OR=1.206, 95%CI:1.101-1.321), prolonged exposure to sunlight while reading or using screens (OR=1.156, 95%CI: 1.038-1.287), lying or prone positions during screen time (OR=1.165, 95%CI:1.042-1.303), extended close-up visual tasks [30-60 minutes (OR=1.223, 95%CI:1.096-1.365); 1-2 hours (OR=1.190, 95%CI:1.056-1.342); 2-3 hours (OR=1.381, 95%CI:1.155-1.650); ≥ 3 hours (OR=1.264, 95%CI:1.087-1.470)], and parental myopia status [paternal only (OR=1.700, 95%CI:1.510-1.915); maternal only (OR=1.846, 95%CI:1.627-2.096); both parents (OR=2.212, 95%CI:1.861-2.628)]. Conclusion The myopia detection rate among primary and secondary school students in Suqian is relatively high, showing an overall upward trend. Effective intervention measures should be taken targeting the main influencing factors of student myopia to control the prevalence and development of myopia.
  
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  Prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity among primary and secondary school students in Nantong, 2024

  REN Qingxin, HUANG Jianping, WU Yue, WU Yi, YIN Xi, CHEN Rui, ZHU Xingchen, AN Na

  2025, 39(12): 899-904,927. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250204

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  Objective To learn the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity among primary and secondary school students of Nantong in 2024, and to provide reference for formulating scientific and effective prevention and control measures. Methods From September to November 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 15 179 primary and secondary school students from 7 districts in Nantong for screening scoliosis and myopia. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 11 292 students in grade 4 and above. A total of 11 171 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 98.9%. The χ2 test was applied to compare the differences between the groups of scoliosis, myopia and their comorbidity. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity. Results In 2024, the detection rates of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity were 3.81%, 68.36%, and 3.16%, respectively. The comorbidity rate of senior high school students (8.18%) was higher than that of junior high school students (3.79%) and primary school students (0.06%) (χ2= 60.52, 423.67, 126.65, all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in school stage (junior high school, OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.55-2.64; senior high school, OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.27-2.95), as well as daily indoor sedentary time > 8 hours in the past week (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.01-1.75) increased the risk of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity among primary and secondary school students. Meanwhile, daily daytime outdoor activity time > 2 hours in the past week (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.45-0.94) and average daily sleep duration > 8 hours (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.36-0.62) reduced the comorbidity risk. Conclusion The prevalence of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity among primary and secondary school students in Nantong is relatively serious. An increase in school stage and sedentary sitting are the risk factors of comorbidity, and sleep for more than 8 hours per day is the protective factor. Further measures should be taken to reduce the academic burden on students, encourage students to increase their weekly outdoor activities, reduce indoor sedentary time, and ensure sufficient sleep time, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of scoliosis, myopia, and their comorbidity.
  
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  Association between dietary food groups and screened myopia among lower-grade primary school students

  ZHANG Tingting, ZHOU Fuqiang, YU Xiaoran, CHEN Zhi, ZOU Zhiyong, LI Qinghua

  2025, 39(12): 905-908,927. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250205

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  Objective To investigate the current status of screened myopia (referred to as myopia) in lower-grade primary school students in Miluo, Hunan and analyze its association with dietary food groups, and to provide scientific evidence for myopia prevention and control among primary school students. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select six primary schools in Miluo City, Hunan Province, in September 2024. Uncorrected visual acuity and refractive error were examined in 789 first- and second-grade students without cycloplegia. Dietary intake and diversity were assessed using the Chinese Dietary Quality Questionnaire, and physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. The myopia rate was calculated, and logistic regression models were used to explore the association between myopia and dietary food groups. Results Among the 789 first- and second-grade students, 157 were diagnosed with myopia, yielding a myopia detection rate of 19.90%. The myopia rates for boys and girls were 21.17% and 18.26%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the normal vision group, myopic students had a lower proportion of poultry and fish and seafood intake (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that poultry intake was a protective factor for myopia (OR= 0.57, 95%CI: 0.36-0.90), while intake of unprocessed red meat (non-ruminant) was a risk factor for myopia (OR= 2.03, 95%CI: 1.14-3.59). Conclusions Myopia is a serious issue among lower-grade primary school students in Miluo City. Intake of poultry food might be a protective factor against myopia in primary school students, while intake of non-ruminant meat could be a risk factor.
  
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  Trend of poor vision among freshmen in a university

  XU Qinhong, ZHU Pengyun, YU Yidi

  2025, 39(12): 909-914. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250206

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  Objective To investigate the vision status of freshmen in a university, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of poor vision in this targeted population. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the uncorrected visual acuity data of 23 247 freshmen from 2017 to 2022 in a university in Jiangxi. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of poor vision between groups, and trend chi-square test was applied to analyze the trend in the prevalence of poor vision. Results Among the 23 247 freshmen, 16 930 (72.8%) students had poor vision, yielding a detection rate of 72.83%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of poor vision between male and female students (χ2=0.017, P=0.895), while the overall incidence of poor vision was higher in females than in males. The prevalence of poor vision in overweight/obese students (76.46%) was higher than that in normal weight (72.14%) and low weight students (72.54%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=24.182, P<0.001). Compared with students majored in nursing, students majored in traditional Chinese medicine, public health management, stomatology, and clinical medicine had significantly higher prevalence of poor vision, with differences being statistically significant (P<0.001). From 2017 to 2022, the prevalence of poor vision among enrolled freshmen showed an increasing trend (r=0.200, P<0.001), especially in students enrolled after 2020. Conclusions From 2017 to 2022, the prevalence of poor vision among university freshmen in Jiangxi shows an upward trend. Overweight/obesity is an important influencing factor for poor vision, and the status of poor vision is concerning.
  
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  Epidemiological trends of myopia and high myopia among children and adolescents in Sichuan, 2021 to 2024

  ZHOU Liang, DONG Yanhui, ZENG Ling, REN Qiaoqiao, ZHANG Li

  2025, 39(12): 915-918,950. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250207

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  Objective To investigate the prevalence and changing trends of myopia and high myopia among children and adolescents in Sichuan from 2021 to 2024, and to provide a basis for policy formulation. Methods From 2021 to 2024, 183 districts (counties) in 21 cities (prefectures) of Sichuan were designated as monitoring sites. Nine schools (kindergartens, primary and secondary schools) were selected in each district, and seven in each county, with a stratified cluster sampling method. At least 80 students from each grade of each school were enrolled for vision screening. The myopia and high myopia rate were analyzed using Chi-square tests for changing trend. Results During this period, the detection rates of myopia among children and adolescents in Sichuan were 51.4%, 47.8%, 47.4%, and 46.7%, respectively, showing a significant downward trend (χ2=1 294.893, P<0.001), with an average annual percent change range of -1.6. The detection rates of high myopia were 4.8%, 4.4%, 3.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, showing a downward trend (χ2=413.033, P<0.001), with an average annual percent change range of -0.3. In both genders, stratified analysis revealed consistent downward trends of myopia (Male: χ2=604.863, P<0.001; Female: χ2=711.790, P<0.001), with an average annual percent change range of -1.5 and -1.6, and girls exhibited higher myopia rate than that among boys in each year (χ2=1 004.078, 1 321.610, 1 244.378, 1 307.335, all P<0.001), as well as the high myopia (Male: χ2=149.029, P<0.001;Female: χ2=272.354, P<0.001), with an average annual percent change range of -0.2 and -0.4, and girls exhibited higher high myopia rate than that among boys in each year (χ2=71.301, 69.574, 54.266, 31.521, all P<0.001). Stratified analysis by educational stage showed that the detection rate of myopia in preschool, primary school and junior high school stages showed a downward trend (χ2=181.504, 186.019, 224.029, all P<0.001), while it showed an increasing trend in the senior high school (χ2=204.661, P<0.001). The average annual percent changes were -1.4,-0.8,-1.2 and +1.0, respectively. The detection rates of high myopia in preschool, primary school, and junior high school showed a fluctuating downward trend (χ2=6.779, 27.538, 52.228, all P<0.01), with an average annual percent change range of -0.02, -0.02, -0.17, respectively, while no statistically significant differences were observed in the senior high schools (χ2=0.114, P=0.736). Conclusion Although overall myopia prevalence in Sichuan’s children and adolescents has declined, the rising trend among senior high school students warrants urgent attention.
  
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  Analysis of reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among undergraduates in a university in Beijing, 2015-2024

  SHAN Dan, QU Hui, CHEN Hongyan

  2025, 39(12): 919-922. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250208

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  Objective To analyze the reported incidence of pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) among undergraduates at a university in Beijing over the past 10 years, and to provide an objective basis for the scientific prevention and control of TB on campus. Methods A total of 118 834 undergraduate students from 2015 to 2024 at a university in Beijing were enrolled. The TB case reports from the past decade were collected and reviewed. A cluster sampling method was employed, and descriptive statistics and difference tests were conducted on the collected data. Results From 2015 to 2024, a total of 97 confirmed pulmonary TB cases were identified among undergraduate students at the university, with an average annual incidence rate of 81.63 per 100 000. The reported incidence of TB showed a downward trend (χ2= 27.84, P= 0.001). The average annual reported incidence rate was higher in male students (95.93 per 100 000) than in female students (53.02 per 100 000), lower in Han students (73.39 per 100 000) than in ethnic minority students (132.24 per 100 000), and lower in urban students (49.96 per 100 000) than in non-urban students (96.53 per 100 000); the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Most TB cases (63.92%, 62/97) were detected during the September entrance physical examination and close-contact screening. The incidence rate among first-year undergraduates (111.45 per 100 000) was higher than that among second- to fourth-year students (51.61 per 100 000). Conclusions The findings indicate that active pulmonary TB is more frequently detected during entrance physical examinations and close-contact screenings among freshmen. Therefore, strict screening measures should be implemented for entrance examinations and close contacts, and diverse forms of health education should be strengthened. Routine monitoring and screening should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to high-risk populations. A multi-sector, coordinated prevention and control approach should be adopted to reduce the transmission of TB on campus.
  
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  Analysis of influenza vaccination coverage and adverse reactions among children aged 6 months to 15 years in Xuzhou from 2019 to 2024

  LIU Dongsheng, LIU Xinqing, ZHAO Ying

  2025, 39(12): 923-927. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250209

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  Objective To investigate the influenza vaccination coverage and the occurrence of post-vaccination adverse reactions among children aged 6 months to 15 years in Xuzhou from 2019 to 2024, and to provide a reference basis for the development of influenza vaccination. Methods Influenza vaccination data (2019-2024) and suspected Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) reports were sourced from the “Jiangsu Comprehensive Immunization Service Management Information System” and “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System”, respectively. The vaccination coverage and AEFI situation were analyzed. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to model the trend in vaccination rates. Results From 2019 to 2024, a total of 245 892 children aged 6 months to 15 years received 301 576 doses of influenza vaccinations in Xuzhou, with an average annual vaccination rate of 2.08% (range:0.87%-3.13% annually). No significant temporal trend was observed (AAPC=20.832%, 95%CI: -0.114-46.166, P=0.051). The vaccination rate of girls was higher than that of boys, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=511.51, P<0.01). The vaccination rates for the age groups of 6 months to <3 years, 3 to <6 years, 6 to <12 years, and 12 to 15 years were 6.41%, 4.43%, 1.25%, and 0.27%, respectively. The different age groups demonstrated a declining trend in vaccination rates (χ2trend=218 537.02, P<0.01), showing statistically significant differences annually (all P<0.01). Geographic disparities showed significant differences (all P<0.01): 3.01% (urban districts), 1.43% (county-level cities), and 1.63% (counties). A total of 189 AEFI cases were reported, with an overall incidence rate of 62.67 per 100 000 doses. Among these, 185 cases were general reactions accounting for 97.88%. The incidence was highest in the 6 months to <3 years age group (73.72 per 100 000 doses), followed by the 3 to <6 years age group (72.58 per 100 000 doses). Conclusions The influenza vaccination rate is relatively low among children aged 6 months to 15 years in Xuzhou, and AEFI monitoring indicates a favorable safety profile for the influenza vaccine. It is necessary to strengthen the popularization of science, actively lead the parents to pay attention to influenza vaccination, and improve the influenza vaccination rate of children to achieve the effect of influenza epidemic prevention and control.
  
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  Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering analysis of other infectious diarrhea among children under 10 years old in Xuzhou from 2018 to 2024

  YUAN Chen, SHAN Changlong, MIAO Yuyang, ZHOU Qiang, CAO Lin

  2025, 39(12): 928-932. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250210

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  Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenetic features, and spatiotemporal clustering patterns of other infectious diarrhea in children under 10 years old in Xuzhou from 2018 to 2024, and to provide references for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases. Methods Data on age, sex, occupation, onset date, pathogen types, and demographic characteristics of other infectious diarrhea cases in children under 10 years old in Xuzhou City from 2018 to 2024 were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods and chi-square tests were used to analyze the incidence trends, seasonal variations, regional distribution characteristics, and pathogen spectrum composition of other infectious diarrhea in children under 10 years old in Xuzhou City. ArcGIS 10.8 software was performed for visualization, and GeoDa 1.14 software was employed for spatial autocorrelation analysis to assess spatial clustering. Results From 2018 to 2024, a total of 11 014 cases of other infectious diarrhea in children under 10 years old were reported in Xuzhou, with an average annual incidence rate of 127.07 per 100 000. The peak incidence period was mainly in the winter and spring seasons each year. The male-to-female ratio was 1.37∶1. There were cases in all age groups, with the highest proportion of 91.47% in the 0-5 years age group, and the incidence of disease in the population was dominated by children in the diaspora, accounting for 85.85%. Among the 2 279 cases with pathogenic diagnosis, the ratio of viral infection was the highest (98.88%), which was mainly rotavirus (71.08%). Global autocorrelation Moran’s I was 0.264 (P<0.05) for average annual incidence. LISA clustering map showed that the “high-high” clustering areas during 2018-2024 were mainly distributed in Gulou District, Quanshan District, and Yunlong District, while the “high-low” clustering areas during 2023-2024 were mainly distributed in Xinyi. Conclusions The incidence of other infectious diarrhea in children under 10 years old in Xuzhou City demonstrates an overall upward trend from 2018 to 2024, with distinct seasonal and population distribution characteristics. The primary pathogen is rotavirus, and the geographic distribution of cases concentrates in the central and northeastern regions. Health education for high-risk populations should be strengthened before the high-incidence seasons, and particular attention should be given to rotavirus vaccination and scientific prevention and control measures for infants and young children.
  
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  Association between dietary patterns and stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduates at a medical university in Ningxia

  YANG Huili, TANG Li, QI Ling, XIA Jifeng, CAO Meng, JIN Yaping

  2025, 39(12): 933-938. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250211

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  Objective To explore the associations between dietary patterns and stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduates and to provide reference for promoting mental health in this targeted population. Methods Using the convenience sampling method, from February to May in 2024, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) and a Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to collect data on stress, anxiety, depression, and dietary intake among undergraduates at a medical university in Ningxia. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and logistic regression was performed to analyze the associations between different dietary patterns and stress, anxiety, and depression. Results A total of 250 undergraduates were surveyed, with a mean age of (20.58 ± 1.68) years; 38.40% were male, 64.00% had normal BMI, 40.40% were sophomores, 86.80% were enrolled in medical majors, 77.20% were non-only children, mean nighttime sleep duration was (7.34±0.96) hours, and mean weekly exercise time was (9.38±9.33) hours. The detection rates of stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were 19.60%, 41.60%, and 29.50%, respectively. Six dietary patterns were identified: “staple food-dominant pattern” “balanced pattern” “meat-alcohol-beverage pattern” “processed food pattern” “mushroom-vegetable pattern” and “offal-potato pattern.” After adjusting for confounders, the “meat-alcohol-beverage pattern” was positively associated with stress (OR=5.27, 95%CI: 1.97-14.12), anxiety (OR=2.25, 95%CI: 1.05-4.81), and depression (OR=2.95, 95%CI: 1.35-6.46). The “processed food pattern” was positively associated with anxiety (OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.53-7.27) and depression (OR=4.02, 95%CI: 1.72-9.39). The “mushroom-vegetable pattern” was negatively associated with anxiety (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.21-0.84). The Q3 level of the “staple food-dominant pattern” was negatively associated with stress (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.09-0.68) and anxiety (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.17-0.83). Both the Q2 level (OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.15-0.79) and Q3 level (OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.11-0.60) of the “staple food-dominant pattern” were negatively associated with depression. Conclusions The meat-alcohol-beverage pattern and processed food pattern are risk factors for stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduates, whereas the mushroom-vegetable pattern and appropriate staple food-dominant pattern are protective factors. Attention to dietary patterns may be an effective approach to promoting mental health in undergraduates.
  
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  Associations between hobbies/interests and depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents: Findings from the Fujian Adolescent Mental Wellness Study

  JIANG Jian, XU Shimei, LIN Zhifeng, LIN Yulan, HU Zhijian

  2025, 39(12): 939-944950. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250212

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  Objective To investigate the associations between hobbies/interests and mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in Fujian. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to examine their hobbies/interests as well as mental health issues including depression, anxiety, and stress in Fujian. The χ2 tests were utilized to compare the distribution differences in depression, anxiety, and stress, while logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the associations between hobbies/interests and depression/anxiety. Results A questionnaire survey was conducted among 58 174 students from 110 secondary schools across 55 counties (cities, districts) in 6 prefecture-level cities of Fujian. Among them, 33 972 (58.4%) were junior high school students and 24 202 (41.6%) were senior high school students. The results showed that 18.5% of the students exhibited varying levels of depressive symptoms, while 21.9% reported varying levels of anxiety symptoms. Regression analysis indicated that having positive and beneficial hobbies served as protective factors against depression (OR= 0.756, 95%CI: 0.711-0.803), anxiety (OR=0.730, 95%CI: 0.689-0.774) and stress (OR=0.680, 95%CI:0.626-0.739). Conclusions Engaging in hobbies and interests is correlated with adolescent depression, anxiety, and stress, among other psychological conditions. Schools can help safeguard and enhance students’ mental health by fostering positive and beneficial interests.
  
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  The implications of the European “Kids Save Lives” project for CPR education among primary and secondary school students in China

  SUN Xiufeng

  2025, 39(12): 945-950. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250213

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  Objective To introduce the practical experience of the European “Kids Save Lives” project and provide references for the implementation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) education in primary and secondary schools in China, and to enhance the CPR literacy of students, thereby increasing the bystander CPR rates, improving the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and cultivating citizens’ sense of social responsibility from childhood. Methods The background of the European CPR education project “Kids Save Lives” and best practices across European countries were reviewed, the current status of school first aid education in China was summarized, and recommendations for CPR first aid education among primary and secondary school students in China were proposed. Results School first aid education in China started relatively late, with bottlenecks such as inconsistent CPR curricula, low public awareness, and limited learning channels. International experience can be leveraged to promote legislation, unify policies and action frameworks, and enhance collaboration, publicity, and investment. Improvements should focus on three aspects: refining the curriculum system, expanding publicity channels, and broadening learning pathways. Conclusion Drawing on the European “Kids Save Lives” project can advance the implementation of CPR education among primary and secondary school students in China.
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  Analysis of the awareness status of nutritional health knowledge and its associated factors among high school students in Jining

  ZHAO Suhua, LI Weiwei, GUO Xiaoxiao, YAN Rui, NIU Lijun, CHEN Zhe, LEI Ning, LI Ronghua

  2025, 39(12): 951-954,960. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250214

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  Objective To analyze the awareness status of nutritional health knowledge and its influencing factors among high school students in Jining City, and to provide a scientific basis for further strengthening nutritional health education for high school students. Methods In 2024, 2 725 high school students were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling method. The Nutritional Health Knowledge Questionnaire for School-Age Children (High School Version) was employed to investigate the basic information, nutritional health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors. Results The nutritional health knowledge score of high school students in Jining City was (65.52±13.09) points, with an awareness rate of 25.03%. The correct rate was highest for dietary habits (78%) and lowest for dietary recommendations (48%). The awareness rates were 26.1% for male students and 24% for female students. Statistically significant differences in awareness rates were found among different grades (χ2=35.74, P<0.05), boarding status (χ2=23.49, P<0.05), whether having meals at school (χ2=10.48, P<0.05), parents’ education levels (father:χ2=31.41, mother: χ2=14.93, both P<0.05), parents’ occupations (father: χ2=102.54, mother: χ2=100.10, both P<0.05), weekly breakfast consumption (χ2=25.18, P<0.05), and daily outdoor activity time (χ2=25.61, P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that students who did not board at school (OR=1.52), did not have meals at school (OR=1.55), whose fathers had a college/vocational college education (OR=2.33), whose mothers worked in other health-related industries (OR=2.02), and who engaged in 90-120 minutes of outdoor activity daily (OR=1.85) had relatively better awareness of nutritional health knowledge. Conclusions The awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among high school students in Jining City still has significant room for improvement, particularly in the area of dietary recommendations. The awareness status was associated with boarding status, whether having meals at school, weekly breakfast consumption, and outdoor activity time. Targeted measures should be effectively implemented to improve the nutritional knowledge awareness rate among high school students.
  
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  Current status and influencing factors of scoliosis among school-aged adolescents in Jiayuguan

  WANG Fang, GAO Caixia, LI Huixia, HU Liqin, WANG Fenglin, HONG Tao

  2025, 39(12): 954-955,961-962. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250200

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  Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among school-aged adolescents in Jiayuguan, and to provide references for formulating disease intervention measures. Method From July to September 2024, a random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 500 middle school students in Jiayuguan City. A three-step combined screening method was employed: visual forward bend test, trunk rotation measurement, and X-ray examination. Additionally, questionnaires were filled out, and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of scoliosis under different exposure patterns. Results The detection rate of scoliosis among 1 500 middle school students was 6.13%, with 4.1% in junior high school students and 7.6% in senior high school students, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.888, P=0.005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for scoliosis included watching videos for more than 2 hours per day (OR=13.964, 95%CI:3.936-49.542), insufficient physical education classes (OR=4.691, 95%CI:1.992-11.047), lack of regular rotation of classroom seats (OR=3.556, 95%CI:1.159-10.913), poor standing posture (OR=11.699, 95%CI:1.726-79.285), poor sitting posture (OR=20.492, 95%CI:3.428-122.483), outdoor activity time less than 1 hour per day (OR=12.853, 95%CI:1.451-113.833), bad backpacking habits (OR=8.942, 95%CI:3.497-22.862), and family history of scoliosis (OR=4.258, 95%CI:1.674-10.832, all P<0.05). Conclusion Middle school students' scoliosis should be given priority. Efforts should be made to correct poor sitting and standing postures, strengthen early screening and intervention for individuals with a positive family history, increase outdoor exercise duration and frequency, and reduce video viewing time.
  
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  A Meta-analysis of the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among female college students in China

  XU Yiwen, XIAN Qi’nan1, LI Xin, SUN Yan

  2025, 39(12): 955-960. https://doi.org/10.20161/j.cnki.32-1199/R.20250215

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  Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among female college students in China, and to provide evidence for developing targeted health promotion strategies in universities. Methods We systematically searched databases such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception until December 2024. Following literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, a Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 15 cross-sectional studies involving 9 367 participants were enrolled. The Meta-analysis results showed that the combined detection rate of PMS among female college students in China was 49.6% (95%CI：44.7%-54.5%), with detection rates of mild, moderate, and severe symptoms being 27.2%, 17.6%, and 3.4%, respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of PMS after 2020 (59.5%) was significantly higher than that before the COVID-19 pandemic (47.5%) (P<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed between northern and southern regions (P> 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of PMS among female college students in China is high, and the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the risk. This study suggests that reproductive health issues in this population should be prioritized, with personalized health management strategies provided based on symptom severity. Additionally, efforts should focus on enhancing psychological resilience and systemic health support to address major public health emergencies.