2019—2021年天津市河东区学生常见病患病情况分析

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摘要目的了解天津市河东区学生常见病患病情况,为探索适合本区情况的学生常见病防治策略提供依据。方法于2019 —2021年采取分层整群抽样方法对河东区5所中小学的7 496名学生进行常见病监测,采用卡方检验比较不同年份、学段、性别的中小学生视力低下、龋齿、肥胖、营养不良(包括生长迟缓和消瘦)、脊柱弯曲异常检出率。结果 2019 —2021年天津市河东区学生视力低下、龋齿、肥胖、营养不良、脊柱弯曲异常总检出率分别为72.95%、33.99%、28.60%、7.23%、4.59%。2019 —2021年,肥胖检出率分别为27.50%、28.77%、29.29%,营养不良检出率分别为8.14%、6.73%、6.93%,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=2.051,P=0.359;χ2=4.001,P=2.135),但不同年份视力低下检出率(73.88%、67.40%、76.46%)、龋齿检出率(38.42%、30.14%、33.61%)、脊柱弯曲异常检出率(8.41%、2.86%、3.05%)差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为55.195、34.763、106.232,P均<0.001)。小学、初中、高中、职高视力低下检出率(61.37%、80.71%、85.99%、79.95%)、龋齿检出率(40.18%、27.29%、27.53%、34.35%)、肥胖检出率(32.66%、25.89%、27.04%、20.17%)、营养不良检出率(7.51%、5.56%、8.09%、7.70%)、脊柱弯曲异常检出率(1.75%、6.04%、7.84%、7.09%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为442.019、121.265、63.924、9.302、121.462,P均<0.05)。男生肥胖、营养不良检出率(34.37%、7.80%)高于女生(22.27%、6.60%),而视力低下、龋齿、脊柱弯曲异常检出率(67.98%、31.13%、2.83%)低于女生(78.40%、37.13%、6.52%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为134.028、4.007、102.960、29.975、58.123,P均<0.05)。结论天津市河东区中小学生视力低下、龋齿、肥胖等常见病检出率较高,是今后学校卫生工作的重点,应尽早开展针对性干预活动。　

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	陈楠

关键词 ：学生, 视力低下, 龋齿, 肥胖, 营养不良, 脊柱弯曲

Abstract：Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among students in Hedong District, Tianjin City, to provide evidence for exploring the prevention and treatment strategies of common diseases among students in the district. Methods From 2019 to 2021, a total of 7 496 students in 5 primary and secondary schools in Hedong District were monitored for common diseases by stratified cluster sampling, and the chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of low vision, dental caries, obesity, malnutrition (including growth retardation and wasting), and abnormal spinal curvature among primary and secondary school students of different years, school stages, and genders. Results From 2019 to 2021, the total detection rates of low vision, dental caries, obesity, malnutrition, and abnormal spinal curvature among students in Hedong District of Tianjin City were 72.95%, 33.99%, 28.60%, 7.23%, and 4.59%, respectively. From 2019 to 2021, the detection rates of obesity were 27.50%, 28.77%, and 29.29%, respectively, and the detection rates of malnutrition were 8.14%, 6.73%, and 6.93%, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (χ2=2.051, P=0.359; χ2=4.001, P=2.135). However, there were significant differences in the detection rates of low vision (73.88%, 67.40%, and 76.46%), dental caries (38.42%, 30.14%, and 33.61%) and abnormal spinal curvature (8.41%, 2.86%, and 3.05%) in different years (χ2=55.195, 34.763, 106.232, all P<0.001). The detection rates of low vision in primary school, junior high school, senior high school, and vocational high school (61.37%, 80.71%, 85.99%, 79.95%), dental caries (40.18%, 27.29%, 27.53%, 34.35%), obesity (32.66%, 25.89%, 27.04%, 20.17%), malnutrition (7.51%, 5.56%, 8.09%, 7.70%), abnormal spinal curvature (1.75%, 6.04%, 7.84%, 7.09%) were statistically significantly different (χ2=442.019, 121.265, 63.924, 9.302, 121.462, all P<0.05). The detection rates of obesity and malnutrition in boys (34.37%, 7.80%) were higher than those in girls (22.27%, and 6.60%), while the detection rates of low vision, dental caries, and abnormal spinal curvature in boys(67.98%, 31.13%, 2.83%) were lower than those in girls (78.40%, 37.13%, 6.52%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=134.028, 4.007, 102.960, 29.975, 58.123, all P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rates of common diseases such as low vision, dental caries, and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Hedong District of Tianjin City are relatively high, which is the focus of school health work in the future, and targeted intervention activities should be carried out as soon as possible.

Key words： Student Low vision Dental caries Obesity Malnutrition Spinal curvature

收稿日期: 2023-05-25

ZTFLH:

G478

作者简介: 陈楠(1987—),女,天津河西人,主管公卫医师,本科学历,主要从事学校卫生工作。

引用本文:

陈楠. 2019—2021年天津市河东区学生常见病患病情况分析[J]. 中国校医, 2024, 38(1): 37-40.
CHEN Nan. Analysis of prevalence of common diseases among students in Hedong District of Tianjin City from 2019 to 2021. Chinese Journal of School Doctor, 2024, 38(1): 37-40.

链接本文:

https://www.zgxyzz.org.cn/CN/ 或 https://www.zgxyzz.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V38/I1/37

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