台州市中小学生视力不良认知及矫正现状分析

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摘要目的了解台州市中小学生视力不良认知及矫正情况,为针对性干预提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取17所学校的4 273名中小学生,使用标准对数视力表检测裸眼及矫正远视力,采用问卷调查学生视力检查次数、认知情况、接受过的矫正/治疗措施等。分析采用χ2检验、趋势χ2检验。结果过去一年中视力检查2次以上的学生占67.14%,所有学生对自身是否视力不良与实际检测结果符合率为77.84%。视力不良学生中,城区学生认知符合率为81.61%,高于郊县的75.21%(χ2=19.338,P＜0.001);男生认知符合率为75.84%,低于女生的79.93%(χ2=8.169,P=0.004);小学(四至六年级)、初中、高中学生认知符合率分别为63.75%、80.98%、87.00%,呈逐渐升高趋势(χ2趋势=165.517,P＜0.001)。矫正措施使用最多的为框架眼镜,占92.84%。佩戴框架眼镜/隐形眼镜的学生中,矫正视力合格率仅有45.14%。城区学生矫正视力合格率为40.49%,低于郊县学生的48.55%(χ2=13.704,P＜0.001);男生矫正视力合格率为46.30%,女生为43.99%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.160,P ＞0.05);小学(四至六年级)、初中、高中学生视力矫正合格率分别为49.46%、45.79%、42.21%,呈逐渐降低趋势(χ2趋势=6.658,P=0.010)。结论台州市学生视力认知符合率较低,矫正视力合格率也较低。应加强对学生和家长的宣传教育,对视力不良学生提供科学、可及的配镜及相关服务。　

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关键词 ：中小学生卫生保健服务, 视力不良, 认知, 矫正视力

Abstract：Objective To investigate the cognition and correction of visual impairment among primary and secondary school students in Taizhou City, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 4 273 primary and secondary school students from 17 schools were selected by stratified cluster sampling, and the standard logarithmic visual acuity table was used to detect naked eyes and distance vision, and questionnaires were used to investigate the number of visual acuity examinations, cognitive conditions, and corrective/therapeutic measures received. The χ2 test and the trend χ2 test were used for the analysis. Results In the past year, 67.14% of the students had their vision examination more than twice, and the rate of all students who had poor vision was 77.84% with the actual test results. Among the students with poor vision, the cognitive compliance rate of urban students was 81.61%, which was higher than that of 75.21% in suburban counties (χ2=19.338, P<0.001). The cognitive compliance rate of boys was 75.84%, which was lower than that of girls (79.93%) (χ2=8.169, P=0.004). The cognitive compliance rates of primary school (grade 4-6), junior high school, and high school students were 63.75%, 80.98%, and 87.00%, respectively, showing a gradually increasing trend (χ2 trend=165.517, P<0.001). Frame glasses were the most commonly used corrective measures, accounting for 92.84%. Among students wearing glasses/contact lenses, only 45.14% of students had a pass rate for corrected vision. The pass rate of urban students in corrected vision was 40.49%, which was lower than that of 48.55% of students in suburban counties (χ2=13.704, P<0.001). The pass rate of corrected vision was 46.30% for boys and 43.99% for girls, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.160, P>0.05). The pass rates of vision correction in primary school (grades 4-6), junior high school, and high school were 49.46%, 45.79%, and 42.21%, respectively, showing a gradually decreasing trend (χ2trend=6.658, P=0.010). Conclusions The cognitive conformity rate of visual acuity of students in Taizhou City is low, and the qualified rate of corrected visual acuity is also low. The publicity and education of students and parents should be strengthened, and scientific and accessible glasses and related services should be provided to students with poor vision.

Key words： Health care services for primary and secondary school students Poor vision Cognition Corrected visual acuity

收稿日期: 2022-09-05

ZTFLH:

R179

基金资助:2019年第二批台州市科技计划项目(1902ky89)

作者简介: 张祥(1990—),男,浙江椒江人,医师,硕士,主要从事学校卫生工作。

引用本文:

张祥,姜叶,周潇潇. 台州市中小学生视力不良认知及矫正现状分析[J]. 中国校医, 2023, 37(7): 489-491,510.
ZHANG Xiang, JIANG Ye, ZHOU Xiaoxiao. Analysis of current situation of cognition and correction of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Taizhou City. Chinese Journal of School Doctor, 2023, 37(7): 489-491,510.

链接本文:

https://www.zgxyzz.org.cn/CN/ 或 https://www.zgxyzz.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V37/I7/489

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