目的 分析一起札如病毒性胃肠炎疫情的流行病学特征并总结防控经验。方法 开展病例搜索,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 共检索到46例病例,罹患率15.54%(46/296),疫情呈点源暴露模式,临床症状以呕吐为主(97.8%)。共采集69份标本,其中,肛拭子55份(病例29份,对照26份),食堂环境14份。未分离到致泻性大肠埃希菌、沙门氏及志贺氏等致病菌,轮状病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒及肠道腺病毒核酸检测均为阴性,札如病毒核酸检测到病例肛拭子阳性9份,阳性率为31.03%(9/29)。排除食物和饮用水污染可能,首发病例(食堂工作人员)为传染源,疫情持续6天。结论 本次疫情由札如病毒感染引起,托幼机构、学校应加强食堂重点岗位人员管理和症状监测报告,规范处置呕吐物,防止疫情扩散。　

Objective This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of sapovirus gastroenteritis and summarizes the prevention and control experiences of a kindergarten. Methods Unified case definition, active case search and descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the epidemic. Results A total of 46 cases were retrieved, and the prevalence rate of sapovirus gastroenteritis was 15.54% (46/296). The incidence curve indicated a common point-source exposure mode in this outbreak. The main clinical symptom was vomiting (97.8%). A total of 69 samples, including 55 anal swabs (29 cases and 26 controls) and 14 canteen environmental samples, were collected. In the 69 samples, no diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, or Shigella were isolated, and the nucleic acid detection results for rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and zavivirus were negative; however, nine anal swabs were positive for sapovirus nucleic acid. The positivity rate in the case sample was 31.03% (9/29). The possibility of food or water contamination was excluded. The first case occurred in a canteen worker and was recognized as the source of this outbreak, which lasted for 6 days. Conclusions This cluster outbreak was caused by sapovirus infection. Kindergartens and other schools should strengthen personnel management and symptom monitoring reports for key canteen positions. Normative deal with vomitus to prevent the spread of epidemics.