目的 了解2020 —2022年无锡市新吴区中小学生常见病的患病情况,为进一步开展学生常见病干预工作提供依据。方法 通过“江苏省学生健康监测系统”,收集2020 —2022年新吴区中小学生身高、体质量、裸眼视力和口腔等体检数据,利用SPSS软件,对视力不良、龋齿、营养不良、超重与肥胖等学生常见病检出情况进行统计学分析。结果 2020 —2022年中小学生常见病平均检出率从高到低依次为视力不良(63.83%)、乳牙龋患(22.58%)、超重(17.64%)、肥胖(15.97%)、恒牙龋患(7.77%)、营养不良(4.75%)。视力不良、超重、肥胖和恒牙龋患的检出率均随年份呈上升趋势,乳牙龋患和营养不良的检出率则呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。男生视力不良、恒牙龋患、超重、肥胖平均检出率分别为62.26%、7.09%、20.11%、19.63%,女生分别为65.73%、8.60%、14.65%、11.54%,视力不良和恒牙龋患检出率女生高于男生,超重与肥胖检出率男生高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。不同学段比较,各年度视力不良和恒牙龋患检出率初、高中均高于小学,乳牙龋患和肥胖检出率小学高于初中、高中,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.016 7)。结论 新吴区中小学生视力不良、龋齿、超重与肥胖检出率较高,今后应积极采取针对性防控措施,减少学生常见病发生。　

Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in the Xinwu District of Wuxi from 2020 to 2022, so as to provide scientific evidence for further intervention of common diseases. Methods Physical examination data including height, weight, uncorrected visual acuity, and oral health were collected from the Student Health Monitoring System of Jiangsu Province for primary and secondary school students in Xinwu District from 2020 to 2022. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the detection of common diseases among students, such as poor vision, dental caries, malnutrition, overweight, and obesity. Results From 2020 to 2022, the average detection rates of common diseases in students were as follows: poor vision, 63.83%; caries in deciduous teeth, 22.58%; overweight, 17.64%; obesity, 15.97%; caries in permanent teeth, 7.77%; and malnutrition, 4.75%. The detection rates of poor vision, overweight, obesity, and permanent dental caries all significantly increased over the study years, whereas the detection rates of caries in deciduous teeth and malnutrition significantly decreased (all P<0.001). The average detection rates of poor vision, permanent tooth caries, overweight, and obesity in boys were 62.26%, 7.09%, 20.11%, and 19.63%, respectively, whereas those in girls were 65.73%, 8.60%, 14.65%, and 11.54%, respectively. The detection rates of poor vision and caries in permanent teeth were significantly higher in girls than boys, whereas the detection rates of overweight and obesity were significantly higher in boys than girls (all P<0.001). The detection rates of poor vision and caries in permanent teeth among middle and high school students were significantly higher than those among primary school students, whereas the detection rates of caries in deciduous teeth and obesity in primary school students were significantly higher than those in middle and high school students (all P<0.016 7). Conclusions The detection rates of poor vision, dental caries, overweight and obesity among students were relatively high in Xinwu District. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be actively adopted in the future to reduce the occurrence of common diseases among students.