Objective This study was aimed at analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders and pulmonary tuberculosis, to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the case information for 2 028 hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders (including 14 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection) treated at the Guanyun County Psychiatric Hospital from 2017 to 2022. Results From 2017 to 2022, 2 028 hospitalized patients with severe mental disorders were admitted, including 14 patients with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis, comprising 12 (85.71%) men and 2 (14.29%) women. Among these 14 patients, the main age group (57.14%) was 41-50 years old, and farming was the main occupation (71.43%). A total of 57.14% of patients came from impoverished families. Schizophrenia was the most common mental disorder type (85.72%). The reported prevalence rates of mental disorders combined with pulmonary tuberculosis each year from 2017 to 2022 were 775/105, 374/105, 1 700/105, 284/105, 824/105, and 405/105, respectively. After treatment, the condition of ten patients improved, and four patients died. Conclusion Patients with severe mental disorders complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis were primarily farmers and middle-aged men, and their families were often impoverished. The most common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with schizophrenia.