2 559名女高中生原发性痛经现状及影响因素分析

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摘要目的研究女高中生原发性痛经的发病现状并分析可能的影响因素,为预防原发性痛经提供一定的科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,于2020年5—12月对中国4个地区的女高中生进行问卷调查,主要包括其痛经现状、月经情况、生活习惯等,单因素分析采用卡方检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归。结果本次研究共调查女高中生2 559名,原发性痛经发生率高达83.8%(2 145/2 559)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,初潮年龄(OR=2.516,95%CI=1.666～3.800)、母亲痛经史(OR=2.081,95%CI=1.549～2.796)、经期受寒(OR=1.835,95%CI=1.350～2.495)、经血含有凝血块(OR=1.653,95%CI=1.235～2.213)、经期精神紧张(OR=2.735,95%CI=1.795～4.168)、恐惧月经来潮(OR=1.676,95%CI=1.015～2.769)等因素是与原发性痛经相关的独立影响因素。结论国内女高中生原发性痛经的发病率较高,初潮年龄<13岁、母亲痛经史、经血中有凝血块、经期受寒、精神紧张、恐惧月经来潮为女高中生原发性痛经发病的独立危险因素。因此,应在高中女生中积极开展原发性痛经相关科普及月经保健知识的健康教育。　

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关键词 ：女高中生, 原发性痛经, 影响因素

Abstract：Objective To study the incidence status of primary dysmenorrhea in female senior high school students and analyze the possible influencing factors, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of primary dysmenorrhea. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to sample and conduct a questionnaire survey of female senior high school students in four regions of China from May to December 2020, mainly including their dysmenorrhea status, menstrual conditions, and living habits, with chi-square test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 2 559 female senior high school students were surveyed, and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea was as high as 83.8% (2 145/2 559). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that menarche age (OR=2.516, 95%CI=1.666-3.800), maternal dysmenorrhea history (OR=2.081, 95%CI=1.549-2.796), cold during menstruation (OR=1.835, 95%CI=1.350-2.495), menstrual blood containing clots (OR=1.653, 95%CI=1.235-2.213), menstrual tension (OR=2.735, 95%CI=1.795-4.168), fear of menstrual cramps (OR=1.676, 95%CI=1.015-2.769), and other factors were independent influencing factors related to primary dysmenorrhea. Conclusion The incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in the domestic female senior high school student population is high, and the age of menarche is<13 years old. Maternal dysmenorrhea, clots in menstrual blood, menstrual cold, nervousness, and fear of menstrual cramps are independent risk factors for the onset of primary dysmenorrhea in female senior high school students. Therefore, health education to popularize menstrual health care knowledge related to primary dysmenorrhea should be actively carried out among senior high school girls.

Key words： Female high school students Primary dysmenorrhea Influencing factors

收稿日期: 2022-07-21

ZTFLH:

R711

基金资助:上海交通大学医学院青年工作研究课题(QY2011);上海市第一人民医院第七轮党建创新研究项目(27);上海市青少年服务和权益保护工作智库重点课题(2021FBZK018)

作者简介: 朱袁婷(2000-),女,上海人,本科在读,研究方向为青少年健康促进。

引用本文:

朱袁婷,杨超群,徐炜,范晓洁,靳成娟,邓国英. 2 559名女高中生原发性痛经现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国校医, 2023, 37(3): 190-193,214.
ZHU Yuanting, YANG Chaoqun, XU Wei, FAN Xiaojie, JIN Chengjuan, DENG Guoying. Analysis of primary dysmenorrhea and its influencing factors in 2 559 female senior high school students. Chinese Journal of School Doctor, 2023, 37(3): 190-193,214.

链接本文:

https://www.zgxyzz.org.cn/CN/ 或 https://www.zgxyzz.org.cn/CN/Y2023/V37/I3/190

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